Q. In the context of measurements, what does precision refer to? (2022)
A.
Closeness to the true value
B.
Consistency of repeated measurements
C.
Range of values
D.
Average of measurements
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Solution
Precision refers to the consistency of repeated measurements, regardless of their accuracy.
Correct Answer: B — Consistency of repeated measurements
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Q. In the context of surface chemistry, what does the term 'adsorption' refer to? (2022)
A.
The process of a substance being taken up by a liquid
B.
The process of a substance adhering to a surface
C.
The process of a substance dissolving in a solvent
D.
The process of a substance being absorbed into a solid
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Solution
Adsorption refers to the process where molecules adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a film.
Correct Answer: B — The process of a substance adhering to a surface
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Q. In the context of surface chemistry, what does the term 'desorption' mean? (2023)
A.
The process of adsorption
B.
The release of adsorbed molecules from a surface
C.
The absorption of a gas into a liquid
D.
The formation of a solid from a gas
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Solution
Desorption refers to the process where adsorbed molecules are released from the surface back into the gas or liquid phase.
Correct Answer: B — The release of adsorbed molecules from a surface
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Q. In the context of surface chemistry, what does the term 'desorption' refer to? (2022)
A.
The process of adsorption
B.
The release of adsorbate from the surface
C.
The formation of a new layer
D.
The increase in surface area
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Solution
Desorption refers to the process by which an adsorbate is released from the surface of the adsorbent.
Correct Answer: B — The release of adsorbate from the surface
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Q. In the electrochemical cell, what occurs at the anode? (2022)
A.
Reduction
B.
Oxidation
C.
Neutralization
D.
Precipitation
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Solution
At the anode of an electrochemical cell, oxidation occurs, which involves the loss of electrons.
Correct Answer: B — Oxidation
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Q. In the electrochemical cell, which electrode is the site of reduction? (2023)
A.
Anode
B.
Cathode
C.
Salt bridge
D.
Electrolyte
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Solution
In an electrochemical cell, the cathode is the electrode where reduction occurs.
Correct Answer: B — Cathode
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Q. In the electrochemical series, which element is the best reducing agent? (2022)
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Solution
Li is the best reducing agent among the given alkali metals due to its low ionization energy.
Correct Answer: A — Li
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Q. In the electrochemical series, which of the following has the highest reduction potential? (2022)
A.
Li+
B.
Na+
C.
K+
D.
F+
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Solution
Fluorine (F+) has the highest reduction potential in the electrochemical series, indicating it is a strong oxidizing agent.
Correct Answer: D — F+
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Q. In the hydrogen atom, which transition would emit the photon with the highest energy? (2019)
A.
n=2 to n=1
B.
n=3 to n=2
C.
n=4 to n=3
D.
n=5 to n=4
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Solution
The energy of the emitted photon is highest for the transition from n=2 to n=1, as it involves the largest energy difference.
Correct Answer: A — n=2 to n=1
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Q. In the kinetic theory of gases, the temperature of a gas is a measure of: (2022)
A.
The average potential energy of the molecules
B.
The average kinetic energy of the molecules
C.
The total energy of the gas
D.
The number of molecules in the gas
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Solution
In the kinetic theory of gases, the temperature of a gas is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Correct Answer: B — The average kinetic energy of the molecules
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Q. In the kinetic theory of gases, the term 'elastic collision' means: (2019)
A.
Kinetic energy is conserved
B.
Momentum is conserved
C.
Both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved
D.
Neither kinetic energy nor momentum is conserved
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Solution
In elastic collisions, both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved, which is a key assumption in the kinetic theory of gases.
Correct Answer: C — Both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved
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Q. In the kinetic theory, the internal energy of an ideal gas is primarily due to:
A.
Potential energy
B.
Kinetic energy of molecules
C.
Work done on the gas
D.
Heat energy
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Solution
In an ideal gas, the internal energy is primarily due to the kinetic energy of the gas molecules, as potential energy is negligible.
Correct Answer: B — Kinetic energy of molecules
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Q. In the kinetic theory, the temperature of a gas is a measure of: (2022)
A.
The average potential energy of the molecules
B.
The average kinetic energy of the molecules
C.
The total energy of the gas
D.
The speed of the gas molecules
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Solution
In the kinetic theory, the temperature of a gas is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Correct Answer: B — The average kinetic energy of the molecules
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Q. In the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which assumption is NOT made? (2019)
A.
Adsorption occurs on a surface with a finite number of identical sites
B.
Adsorption is reversible
C.
There is no interaction between adsorbed molecules
D.
Adsorption occurs only at high pressures
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Solution
The Langmuir isotherm assumes that adsorption occurs at all pressures, not just high pressures.
Correct Answer: D — Adsorption occurs only at high pressures
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Q. In the photoelectric effect, what happens to the kinetic energy of emitted electrons as the frequency of incident light increases? (2021)
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
According to the photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy of emitted electrons increases with the frequency of the incident light, provided the frequency is above the threshold frequency.
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. In the photoelectric effect, what happens to the kinetic energy of emitted electrons when the frequency of incident light is increased? (2021)
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
According to the photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy of emitted electrons increases with the frequency of the incident light, provided the frequency is above the threshold frequency.
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. In the photoelectric effect, what happens when the frequency of incident light is increased? (2020)
A.
More electrons are emitted
B.
Electrons are emitted with higher energy
C.
No electrons are emitted
D.
The current decreases
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Solution
Increasing the frequency of incident light increases the energy of emitted electrons, as per E = hf.
Correct Answer: B — Electrons are emitted with higher energy
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Q. In the reaction 2Ag+ + Zn → 2Ag + Zn^2+, which element is oxidized? (2020)
A.
Ag
B.
Zn
C.
O
D.
None of the above
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Solution
In this reaction, zinc (Zn) is oxidized as it loses electrons to form Zn^2+.
Correct Answer: B — Zn
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Q. In the reaction 2Ag⁺ + Zn → 2Ag + Zn²⁺, which species is reduced? (2023)
A.
Ag⁺
B.
Zn
C.
Ag
D.
Zn²⁺
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Solution
In this reaction, Ag⁺ gains electrons to form Ag, thus it is reduced.
Correct Answer: A — Ag⁺
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Q. In the reaction 2Fe2O3 + 3C → 4Fe + 3CO2, which species is oxidized? (2019)
A.
Fe2O3
B.
C
C.
Fe
D.
CO2
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Solution
In this reaction, carbon (C) is oxidized as it loses electrons to form CO2.
Correct Answer: B — C
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Q. In the reaction 2Fe²⁺ + 2e⁻ → 2Fe, what is being reduced? (2021)
A.
Fe²⁺
B.
Fe
C.
e⁻
D.
None of the above
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Solution
In this reaction, Fe²⁺ is being reduced as it gains electrons to form Fe.
Correct Answer: A — Fe²⁺
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Q. In the reaction 2Fe²⁺ + 2MnO4⁻ → 2Fe³⁺ + 2Mn²⁺, what is the oxidation state change for iron? (2021)
A.
+2 to +3
B.
+3 to +2
C.
0 to +2
D.
−2 to 0
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Solution
Iron changes its oxidation state from +2 to +3, indicating that it is oxidized.
Correct Answer: A — +2 to +3
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Q. In the reaction 2Fe²⁺ + Cl2 → 2Fe³⁺ + 2Cl⁻, what is being oxidized? (2021)
A.
Fe²⁺
B.
Cl2
C.
Fe³⁺
D.
Cl⁻
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Solution
In this reaction, Fe²⁺ is being oxidized to Fe³⁺ as it loses electrons.
Correct Answer: A — Fe²⁺
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Q. In the reaction 2MnO4- + 5C2O4^2- + 16H+ → 2Mn^2+ + 10CO2 + 8H2O, what is being oxidized? (2019)
A.
MnO4-
B.
C2O4^2-
C.
H+
D.
CO2
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Solution
C2O4^2- (oxalate ion) is being oxidized to CO2 in this reaction.
Correct Answer: B — C2O4^2-
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Q. In the reaction 2MnO4⁻ + 5C2O4²⁻ + 16H⁺ → 2Mn²⁺ + 10CO2 + 8H2O, which species is reduced? (2019)
A.
MnO4⁻
B.
C2O4²⁻
C.
H⁺
D.
CO2
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Solution
In this reaction, MnO4⁻ is reduced to Mn²⁺ as it gains electrons.
Correct Answer: A — MnO4⁻
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Q. In the reaction CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g), if H2 is removed from the system, what will happen to the equilibrium? (2022)
A.
Shift to the right
B.
Shift to the left
C.
No change
D.
Increase in temperature
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Solution
Removing H2 will shift the equilibrium to the left to produce more H2, according to Le Chatelier's principle.
Correct Answer: B — Shift to the left
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Q. In the reaction CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g), what is the effect of increasing the concentration of CO? (2023)
A.
Shift to the right
B.
Shift to the left
C.
No change
D.
Increase in Kp
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Solution
Increasing the concentration of CO will shift the equilibrium to the right, favoring the formation of CH3OH.
Correct Answer: A — Shift to the right
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Q. In the reaction Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Cu, which element is oxidized? (2022)
A.
Zn
B.
Cu²⁺
C.
Zn²⁺
D.
Cu
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Solution
Zinc (Zn) is oxidized as it loses electrons to form Zn²⁺.
Correct Answer: A — Zn
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Q. In thermodynamics, the term 'system' refers to: (2022)
A.
The surroundings
B.
The part of the universe under study
C.
The entire universe
D.
None of the above
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Solution
In thermodynamics, the 'system' refers to the part of the universe that is being studied, while the surroundings are everything else.
Correct Answer: B — The part of the universe under study
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Q. In thermodynamics, what does the term 'enthalpy' (H) represent? (2020)
A.
Total energy of the system
B.
Energy required to break bonds
C.
Heat content of the system at constant pressure
D.
Work done by the system
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Solution
Enthalpy (H) represents the heat content of the system at constant pressure, defined as H = U + PV.
Correct Answer: C — Heat content of the system at constant pressure
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