The passage discusses the negative impacts of urbanization, including its effect on biodiversity, making option 1 the most likely true statement.

The passage suggests that the author advocates for gradual change, emphasizing the importance of careful consideration.

Increased consumer spending typically stimulates the economy, making it the odd one out as a cause of recession.

The first law states that energy is conserved, and heat cannot spontaneously flow from cold to hot without work being done.

The passage does not claim that all cultures are equally valuable, making option 2 unsupported.

The mixed graph does not indicate any clear seasonal pattern, as sales fluctuate throughout the year.

The passage supports the idea that technology can facilitate personalized learning experiences, allowing students to learn at their own pace.

The economy is booming does not directly relate to the environmental impacts of climate change like the other statements.

A buffer solution resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base.

A diverging lens causes parallel rays to diverge, making it impossible to focus light to a point.

A galvanic cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy spontaneously.

In a perfectly inelastic collision, momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not.

At equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, not necessarily the concentrations.

A Wheatstone bridge can be used to measure both AC and DC resistances.

Adsorption isotherms illustrate how the amount of adsorbate on a solid surface varies with pressure at a constant temperature.

Adsorption is a surface phenomenon as it occurs at the interface between phases.

Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones due to the presence of the hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon.

Alkali metals are good conductors of electricity due to the presence of free-moving electrons.

Alkenes are characterized by the presence of at least one double bond between carbon atoms.

Alkynes are more acidic than alkenes due to the sp hybridization of the carbon atoms.

An exothermic reaction releases heat, resulting in a negative enthalpy change.

An ideal gas is defined as a gas that has no intermolecular forces and follows the ideal gas law under all conditions.

Aromatic compounds are characterized by the presence of a benzene ring, which is a stable cyclic structure.

Beryllium forms covalent compounds due to its small size and high ionization energy.

Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols due to the ability to form dimers through hydrogen bonding.

Catalysts provide an alternative pathway with lower activation energy, thus increasing the rate of the reaction without being consumed.

Continuous functions can be integrated over an interval, but they are not necessarily differentiable or bounded.

Coordination compounds can exhibit color due to d-d transitions and are not limited to having a positive charge.

Coordination compounds can exhibit optical isomerism due to the arrangement of ligands around the central metal ion.

Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, not necessarily when concentrations are equal.