In a purely capacitive circuit, the current leads the voltage by 90°.

In a purely capacitive circuit, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees.

Average rate = Δ[A]/Δt = (0.8 - 0.4) / 20 = 0.02 M/min.

Increasing the concentration of a reactant will shift the equilibrium position to the right, favoring the formation of products.

For an exothermic reaction, increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the left, favoring the reactants.

For a first-order reaction, if [A] is halved, the rate also halves.

If the rate decreases to one-fourth when concentration is halved, the reaction is second-order.

Reduction is defined as the gain of electrons, which decreases the oxidation state of the element.

According to Le Chatelier's principle, if the concentration of products increases, the equilibrium will shift to the left to counteract the change.

According to Le Chatelier's principle, if the concentration of products increases, the equilibrium will shift to the left to counteract the change.

According to Le Chatelier's principle, if the concentration of products increases, the system will shift to the left, decreasing the rate of the forward reaction.

According to Le Chatelier's principle, if the concentration of reactants is increased, the equilibrium will shift to the right to favor the formation of products.

According to Le Chatelier's principle, increasing the concentration of reactants will shift the equilibrium position to the right to favor the formation of products.

If the forward reaction is exothermic, the reverse reaction must be endothermic, as it absorbs heat.

For a second-order reaction, t₁/₂ = 1 / (k[A₀]) = 1 / (0.05 * 0.1) = 200 s.

Total resistance in series is R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6Ω.

In a series circuit, removing one resistor breaks the circuit, causing the current to become zero.

According to Ohm's law, I = V/R. If R is doubled, the current I will be halved for a constant voltage V.

At resonance in a series RLC circuit, the impedance (Z) is equal to the resistance (R) because the inductive and capacitive reactances cancel each other out.

f0 = 1 / (2π√(LC)) = 1 / (2π√(0.1 × 100 × 10^-6)) = 159.15 Hz.

Resonant frequency f₀ = 1 / (2π√(LC)) = 1 / (2π√(0.1 * 100e-6)) = 159.15 Hz.

If inductive reactance (XL) is greater than capacitive reactance (XC), the circuit is inductive.

Resonant frequency f = 1/(2π√(LC)) = 1/(2π√(0.1 * 100e-6)) = 159.15 Hz.

Resonant frequency f0 = 1/(2π√(LC)) = 1/(2π√(0.1*100e-6)) ≈ 159Hz.

Resonant frequency f = 1/(2π√(LC)) = 1/(2π√(0.1 * 100e-6)) = 159.15 Hz.

For resonance in a series RLC circuit, the condition XL = XC must be met.

At resonance in a series RLC circuit, the impedance is minimum, and the circuit behaves like a purely resistive circuit.

At resonance in a series RLC circuit, the impedance is minimum, and thus the current is maximum.

At resonance in a series RLC circuit, the total impedance is minimum and is equal to the resistance (R) of the circuit.

In a simple cubic lattice, there is 1 atom per unit cell (1/8 atom from each of the 8 corners).