Q. What is the relationship between enthalpy (H), internal energy (U), and pressure-volume work (PV)?
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A.
H = U + PV
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B.
H = U - PV
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C.
H = U * PV
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D.
H = U / PV
Solution
The relationship is given by H = U + PV, where H is enthalpy, U is internal energy, and PV is the pressure-volume work.
Correct Answer: A — H = U + PV
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Q. What is the relationship between enthalpy and internal energy?
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A.
H = U + PV
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B.
H = U - PV
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C.
H = U * PV
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D.
H = U / PV
Solution
The relationship is given by the equation H = U + PV, where H is enthalpy, U is internal energy, P is pressure, and V is volume.
Correct Answer: A — H = U + PV
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Q. What is the relationship between enthalpy change and internal energy change at constant pressure?
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A.
ΔH = ΔU + PΔV
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B.
ΔH = ΔU - PΔV
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C.
ΔH = ΔU
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D.
ΔH = PΔV
Solution
At constant pressure, the relationship is given by ΔH = ΔU + PΔV.
Correct Answer: A — ΔH = ΔU + PΔV
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Q. What is the relationship between entropy and spontaneity of a process?
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A.
Higher entropy means the process is non-spontaneous.
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B.
Lower entropy means the process is spontaneous.
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C.
Higher entropy generally indicates a spontaneous process.
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D.
Entropy has no relation to spontaneity.
Solution
A higher entropy generally indicates a spontaneous process, as spontaneous processes tend to increase the overall disorder of the system.
Correct Answer: C — Higher entropy generally indicates a spontaneous process.
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Q. What is the relationship between entropy and temperature?
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A.
Entropy increases with decreasing temperature
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B.
Entropy decreases with increasing temperature
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C.
Entropy increases with increasing temperature
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D.
Entropy is independent of temperature
Solution
Entropy generally increases with increasing temperature due to increased molecular motion and disorder.
Correct Answer: C — Entropy increases with increasing temperature
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Q. What is the relationship between Gibbs Free Energy and spontaneity?
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A.
ΔG < 0 indicates non-spontaneous reactions.
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B.
ΔG = 0 indicates spontaneous reactions.
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C.
ΔG > 0 indicates spontaneous reactions.
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D.
ΔG < 0 indicates spontaneous reactions.
Solution
A negative ΔG (< 0) indicates that a reaction is spontaneous under the given conditions.
Correct Answer: D — ΔG < 0 indicates spontaneous reactions.
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Q. What is the relationship between Gibbs Free Energy and the equilibrium constant (K)?
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A.
ΔG = -RT ln(K)
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B.
ΔG = RT ln(K)
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C.
ΔG = KRT
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D.
ΔG = K - RT
Solution
The relationship is given by ΔG = -RT ln(K), where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Correct Answer: A — ΔG = -RT ln(K)
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Q. What is the relationship between heat capacity at constant pressure (C_p) and at constant volume (C_v)?
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A.
C_p = C_v
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B.
C_p > C_v
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C.
C_p < C_v
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D.
C_p = 0
Solution
For an ideal gas, the heat capacity at constant pressure (C_p) is greater than the heat capacity at constant volume (C_v).
Correct Answer: B — C_p > C_v
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Q. What is the relationship between heat capacity at constant pressure (C_p) and heat capacity at constant volume (C_v)?
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A.
C_p = C_v
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B.
C_p > C_v
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C.
C_p < C_v
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D.
C_p = 2C_v
Solution
For an ideal gas, C_p is always greater than C_v due to the work done during expansion.
Correct Answer: B — C_p > C_v
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Q. What is the relationship between Ka and Kb for a conjugate acid-base pair?
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A.
Ka + Kb = Kw
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B.
Ka * Kb = Kw
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C.
Ka - Kb = Kw
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D.
Ka / Kb = Kw
Solution
For a conjugate acid-base pair, the relationship is Ka * Kb = Kw, where Kw is the ion product of water.
Correct Answer: B — Ka * Kb = Kw
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Q. What is the relationship between Kp and Kc for the reaction aA(g) + bB(g) ⇌ cC(g) + dD(g)?
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A.
Kp = Kc(RT)^(d+c-b-a)
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B.
Kp = Kc(RT)^(a+b-c-d)
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C.
Kp = Kc/(RT)^(d+c-b-a)
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D.
Kp = Kc/(RT)^(a+b-c-d)
Solution
The relationship between Kp and Kc is given by Kp = Kc(RT)^(Δn), where Δn = (d+c) - (a+b).
Correct Answer: A — Kp = Kc(RT)^(d+c-b-a)
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Q. What is the relationship between pKa and Ka for a weak acid?
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A.
pKa = -log(Ka)
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B.
pKa = log(Ka)
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C.
pKa = Ka
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D.
pKa = 1/Ka
Solution
The relationship is given by the equation pKa = -log(Ka), where Ka is the acid dissociation constant.
Correct Answer: A — pKa = -log(Ka)
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Q. What is the relationship between pKa and Ka for an acid?
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A.
pKa = -log(Ka)
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B.
pKa = log(Ka)
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C.
pKa = Ka
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D.
pKa = 1/Ka
Solution
The relationship is given by the formula pKa = -log(Ka), where Ka is the acid dissociation constant.
Correct Answer: A — pKa = -log(Ka)
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Q. What is the relationship between pKa and Ka?
-
A.
pKa = -log(Ka)
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B.
pKa = log(Ka)
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C.
pKa = Ka
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D.
pKa = 1/Ka
Solution
The relationship is given by pKa = -log(Ka), where Ka is the acid dissociation constant.
Correct Answer: A — pKa = -log(Ka)
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Q. What is the relationship between pressure and temperature for a fixed amount of gas at constant volume?
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A.
Directly proportional
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B.
Inversely proportional
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C.
No relationship
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D.
Exponential
Solution
Pressure and temperature are directly proportional for a fixed amount of gas at constant volume, as described by Gay-Lussac's law.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between pressure and temperature in Gay-Lussac's Law?
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A.
Directly proportional
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B.
Inversely proportional
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C.
No relationship
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D.
Exponential relationship
Solution
Gay-Lussac's Law states that pressure is directly proportional to temperature when volume is constant.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy of gas molecules?
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A.
Directly proportional
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B.
Inversely proportional
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C.
No relationship
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D.
Exponential relationship
Solution
The kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the temperature.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between temperature and the kinetic energy of gas molecules?
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A.
Directly proportional
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B.
Inversely proportional
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C.
No relationship
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D.
Exponential
Solution
The kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between temperature and the rate of a chemical reaction?
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A.
Rate decreases with temperature
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B.
Rate increases with temperature
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C.
Rate is independent of temperature
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D.
Rate is constant at all temperatures
Solution
The rate of a chemical reaction generally increases with an increase in temperature due to higher kinetic energy.
Correct Answer: B — Rate increases with temperature
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Q. What is the relationship between the density of a gas and its molar mass at constant temperature and pressure?
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A.
Density is directly proportional to molar mass
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B.
Density is inversely proportional to molar mass
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C.
Density is independent of molar mass
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D.
Density is equal to molar mass
Solution
At constant temperature and pressure, density is directly proportional to molar mass according to the ideal gas law.
Correct Answer: A — Density is directly proportional to molar mass
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Q. What is the relationship between the equilibrium constant (K) and the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) for a reaction?
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A.
ΔG = -RT ln(K)
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B.
ΔG = RT ln(K)
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C.
ΔG = KRT
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D.
ΔG = K/R
Solution
The relationship is given by the equation ΔG = -RT ln(K), where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Correct Answer: A — ΔG = -RT ln(K)
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Q. What is the relationship between the equilibrium constant (K) and the reaction quotient (Q)?
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A.
K = Q at equilibrium
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B.
K > Q at equilibrium
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C.
K < Q at equilibrium
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D.
K is independent of Q
Solution
At equilibrium, the reaction quotient Q is equal to the equilibrium constant K.
Correct Answer: A — K = Q at equilibrium
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Q. What is the relationship between the equilibrium constants Kp and Kc for a gaseous reaction?
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A.
Kp = Kc
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B.
Kp = Kc(RT)^(Δn)
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C.
Kp = Kc/RT
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D.
Kp = Kc(RT)^(Δn) where Δn is the change in moles of gas
Solution
The relationship between Kp and Kc is given by Kp = Kc(RT)^(Δn), where Δn is the change in the number of moles of gas.
Correct Answer: B — Kp = Kc(RT)^(Δn)
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Q. What is the relationship between the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and the equilibrium constant (K) at standard conditions?
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A.
ΔG = RT ln K
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B.
ΔG = -RT ln K
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C.
ΔG = KRT
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D.
ΔG = K/R
Solution
ΔG = -RT ln K relates Gibbs free energy change to the equilibrium constant.
Correct Answer: B — ΔG = -RT ln K
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Q. What is the relationship between the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and the equilibrium constant (K)?
-
A.
ΔG = -RT ln(K)
-
B.
ΔG = RT ln(K)
-
C.
ΔG = K - RT
-
D.
ΔG = 0 at equilibrium
Solution
The relationship is given by the equation ΔG = -RT ln(K), where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Correct Answer: A — ΔG = -RT ln(K)
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Q. What is the relationship between the molality of a solution and its boiling point elevation?
-
A.
Directly proportional
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B.
Inversely proportional
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C.
No relationship
-
D.
Exponential relationship
Solution
Boiling point elevation is directly proportional to the molality of the solution.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between the principal quantum number (n) and the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom?
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A.
Energy increases with increasing n
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B.
Energy decreases with increasing n
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C.
Energy is independent of n
-
D.
Energy is maximum at n=1
Solution
In a hydrogen atom, the energy of an electron increases with increasing principal quantum number (n).
Correct Answer: A — Energy increases with increasing n
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Q. What is the relationship between ΔG and equilibrium constant K?
-
A.
ΔG = -RT ln K
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B.
ΔG = RT ln K
-
C.
ΔG = KRT
-
D.
ΔG = K/R
Solution
The relationship is given by ΔG = -RT ln K, where R is the gas constant and T is temperature.
Correct Answer: A — ΔG = -RT ln K
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Q. What is the relationship between ΔG and the equilibrium constant (K)?
-
A.
ΔG = -RT ln(K)
-
B.
ΔG = RT ln(K)
-
C.
ΔG = KRT
-
D.
ΔG = K - RT
Solution
The relationship is given by ΔG = -RT ln(K), where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Correct Answer: A — ΔG = -RT ln(K)
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Q. What is the relationship between ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS at constant temperature?
-
A.
ΔG = ΔH + TΔS
-
B.
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
-
C.
ΔG = TΔS - ΔH
-
D.
ΔG = ΔH/ΔS
Solution
The relationship is given by the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Correct Answer: B — ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
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