Q. Which of the following has the highest entropy at 25°C?
-
A.
Ice
-
B.
Water
-
C.
Steam
-
D.
All have the same entropy
Solution
Steam has the highest entropy at 25°C because it is in the gaseous state, which has more disorder compared to solid (ice) and liquid (water).
Correct Answer: C — Steam
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Q. Which of the following has the highest entropy at 298 K?
-
A.
Ice (solid H2O)
-
B.
Liquid water (H2O)
-
C.
Water vapor (H2O(g))
-
D.
None of the above
Solution
Water vapor has the highest entropy because gases have greater disorder compared to liquids and solids.
Correct Answer: C — Water vapor (H2O(g))
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Q. Which of the following has the highest entropy at room temperature?
-
A.
Solid NaCl
-
B.
Liquid water
-
C.
Water vapor
-
D.
Ice
Solution
Water vapor has the highest entropy due to its gaseous state, which has more disorder compared to solids and liquids.
Correct Answer: C — Water vapor
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Q. Which of the following has the highest entropy?
-
A.
Ice at 0 °C
-
B.
Water at 0 °C
-
C.
Water vapor at 100 °C
-
D.
Water at 100 °C
Solution
Water vapor at 100 °C has the highest entropy due to its gaseous state, which has more disorder compared to the liquid and solid states.
Correct Answer: C — Water vapor at 100 °C
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Q. Which of the following has the highest freezing point depression?
-
A.
0.1 molal NaCl
-
B.
0.1 molal KBr
-
C.
0.1 molal CaCl2
-
D.
0.1 molal glucose
Solution
CaCl2 dissociates into 3 ions (Ca2+ and 2 Cl-), resulting in the highest freezing point depression.
Correct Answer: C — 0.1 molal CaCl2
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Q. Which of the following has the highest ionization energy?
Solution
Silicon (Si) has the highest ionization energy among the given elements due to its higher nuclear charge and smaller atomic radius.
Correct Answer: D — Si
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Q. Which of the following has the highest standard molar entropy (S°) at 298 K?
-
A.
H2(g)
-
B.
O2(g)
-
C.
N2(g)
-
D.
H2O(l)
Solution
H2O(l) has a higher standard molar entropy than the diatomic gases due to its molecular complexity and interactions.
Correct Answer: D — H2O(l)
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Q. Which of the following has the lowest bond energy?
Solution
F2 has the lowest bond energy due to the repulsion between the lone pairs on the fluorine atoms.
Correct Answer: C — F2
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Q. Which of the following has the lowest bond order?
Solution
He2 has a bond order of 0, calculated as (2 bonding electrons - 2 antibonding electrons)/2 = 0.
Correct Answer: D — He2
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Q. Which of the following has the lowest vapor pressure?
-
A.
Pure water
-
B.
0.1 M NaCl solution
-
C.
0.1 M KCl solution
-
D.
0.1 M glucose solution
Solution
The 0.1 M NaCl and KCl solutions will have lower vapor pressures than pure water due to the presence of solute particles.
Correct Answer: B — 0.1 M NaCl solution
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Q. Which of the following ions will cause the precipitation of AgCl from a solution of AgNO3?
-
A.
Na+
-
B.
Cl-
-
C.
NO3-
-
D.
K+
Solution
Cl- ions will react with Ag+ ions from AgNO3 to form AgCl, which is insoluble in water and will precipitate out.
Correct Answer: B — Cl-
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Q. Which of the following ions will cause the precipitation of BaSO4 from a solution of barium chloride?
-
A.
Na+
-
B.
Cl-
-
C.
SO4^2-
-
D.
K+
Solution
The presence of SO4^2- ions will react with Ba2+ ions to form insoluble BaSO4, causing precipitation.
Correct Answer: C — SO4^2-
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Q. Which of the following ions will cause the precipitation of silver chloride (AgCl) from a solution?
-
A.
Na+
-
B.
Cl-
-
C.
Ag+
-
D.
K+
Solution
Cl- ions will react with Ag+ ions to form the insoluble salt AgCl, causing precipitation.
Correct Answer: B — Cl-
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Q. Which of the following ions will increase the acidity of a solution?
-
A.
Na+
-
B.
Cl-
-
C.
NH4+
-
D.
K+
Solution
NH4+ is the conjugate acid of a weak base (NH3) and will increase the acidity of the solution.
Correct Answer: C — NH4+
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a base?
-
A.
Sour taste
-
B.
Bitter taste
-
C.
Turns litmus red
-
D.
Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen
Solution
Bases typically have a bitter taste and turn litmus paper blue.
Correct Answer: B — Bitter taste
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a buffer solution?
-
A.
It changes pH drastically with small amounts of acid or base
-
B.
It resists changes in pH
-
C.
It has a pH of 7
-
D.
It can only be made from strong acids and bases
Solution
A buffer solution is designed to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Correct Answer: B — It resists changes in pH
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a catalyst?
-
A.
It is consumed in the reaction
-
B.
It increases the activation energy
-
C.
It lowers the activation energy
-
D.
It changes the equilibrium constant
Solution
A catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction, thereby increasing the rate.
Correct Answer: C — It lowers the activation energy
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a crystalline solid compared to a liquid?
-
A.
Definite melting point
-
B.
Fluidity
-
C.
High compressibility
-
D.
Random arrangement of particles
Solution
Crystalline solids have a definite melting point due to their ordered structure.
Correct Answer: A — Definite melting point
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a first-order reaction?
-
A.
Rate is proportional to the square of the concentration
-
B.
Rate is independent of concentration
-
C.
Rate is directly proportional to concentration
-
D.
Rate is inversely proportional to concentration
Solution
In a first-order reaction, the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant.
Correct Answer: C — Rate is directly proportional to concentration
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a fuel cell?
-
A.
Produces heat
-
B.
Converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy
-
C.
Requires combustion
-
D.
Is a type of battery
Solution
A fuel cell converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy without combustion.
Correct Answer: B — Converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a liquid in a closed container?
-
A.
It can expand indefinitely
-
B.
It has a fixed volume
-
C.
It has a fixed shape
-
D.
It cannot exert pressure
Solution
A liquid in a closed container has a fixed volume but can exert pressure.
Correct Answer: B — It has a fixed volume
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a liquid in equilibrium?
-
A.
Constant density
-
B.
Constant temperature
-
C.
Constant pressure
-
D.
All of the above
Solution
In equilibrium, a liquid maintains constant density, temperature, and pressure.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a redox reaction?
-
A.
Transfer of electrons
-
B.
Formation of precipitate
-
C.
Change in temperature
-
D.
Change in color
Solution
Redox reactions are characterized by the transfer of electrons between species.
Correct Answer: A — Transfer of electrons
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a solution?
-
A.
Heterogeneous mixture
-
B.
Uniform composition
-
C.
Variable composition
-
D.
Settles upon standing
Solution
A solution has a uniform composition throughout.
Correct Answer: B — Uniform composition
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a strong acid?
-
A.
Partially ionizes in solution
-
B.
Completely ionizes in solution
-
C.
Has a high pH
-
D.
Is a weak electrolyte
Solution
A strong acid completely ionizes in solution.
Correct Answer: B — Completely ionizes in solution
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a supercooled liquid?
-
A.
It has a definite shape
-
B.
It flows like a solid
-
C.
It has a higher viscosity than normal liquids
-
D.
It can exist below its freezing point
Solution
Supercooled liquids can exist below their freezing point without solidifying.
Correct Answer: D — It can exist below its freezing point
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of adsorption isotherms?
-
A.
They describe the relationship between pressure and volume.
-
B.
They describe the relationship between concentration and temperature.
-
C.
They describe the relationship between the amount of adsorbate and pressure at constant temperature.
-
D.
They describe the relationship between the amount of adsorbate and the surface area.
Solution
Adsorption isotherms describe the relationship between the amount of adsorbate and pressure at constant temperature.
Correct Answer: C — They describe the relationship between the amount of adsorbate and pressure at constant temperature.
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of amorphous solids?
-
A.
Long-range order
-
B.
Short-range order
-
C.
Definite melting point
-
D.
High thermal conductivity
Solution
Amorphous solids have short-range order but lack long-range order.
Correct Answer: B — Short-range order
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of an endothermic reaction?
-
A.
Releases heat
-
B.
Absorbs heat
-
C.
No heat change
-
D.
Increases temperature of surroundings
Solution
An endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings.
Correct Answer: B — Absorbs heat
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of an ideal gas?
-
A.
Attractive forces between molecules
-
B.
Volume of gas particles is significant
-
C.
Elastic collisions
-
D.
Non-zero molecular volume
Solution
An ideal gas is characterized by elastic collisions between gas particles.
Correct Answer: C — Elastic collisions
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