In a rectifier circuit, a diode allows current to flow in one direction, converting AC to DC.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used as a vector for gene delivery in plant biotechnology.

Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate sodium and potassium levels, thus influencing blood pressure.

An oxidizing agent gains electrons during a redox reaction, causing another species to be oxidized.

Biopesticides are used to control pest populations in an environmentally friendly manner, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides.

Calcium ions bind to troponin, causing a conformational change that allows myosin to bind to actin.

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Condoms are used to prevent both pregnancy and the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).

DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, which is crucial for creating recombinant DNA molecules.

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands during replication.

Doping introduces additional charge carriers (electrons or holes) into the semiconductor, enhancing its conductivity.

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body, facilitating various metabolic processes.

Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that leads to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, particularly in small populations.

GMOs are engineered to enhance resistance to pests, thereby increasing crop yield.

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body.

MnO4⁻ acts as an oxidizing agent in acidic medium, as it gains electrons and is reduced.

NADP+ acts as an electron carrier, becoming reduced to NADPH during the light-dependent reactions.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Nitrogen oxides contribute to ozone formation, the greenhouse effect, and are a precursor to acid rain.

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration.

Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and is also involved in social bonding.

Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, playing a crucial role in carbon storage in the ocean.

Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently and are commonly used as vectors to transfer genes into host cells in genetic engineering.

Platelets, or thrombocytes, are essential for blood clotting, helping to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur.

Producers convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.

RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Sepals protect the flower bud before it opens and can also support the flower.