Doping introduces additional charge carriers (electrons or holes) into the semiconductor, enhancing its conductivity.

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body, facilitating various metabolic processes.

Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that leads to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, particularly in small populations.

GMOs are engineered to enhance resistance to pests, thereby increasing crop yield.

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body.

MnO4⁻ acts as an oxidizing agent in acidic medium, as it gains electrons and is reduced.

NADP+ acts as an electron carrier, becoming reduced to NADPH during the light-dependent reactions.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Nitrogen oxides contribute to ozone formation, the greenhouse effect, and are a precursor to acid rain.

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration.

Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and is also involved in social bonding.

Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, playing a crucial role in carbon storage in the ocean.

Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently and are commonly used as vectors to transfer genes into host cells in genetic engineering.

Platelets, or thrombocytes, are essential for blood clotting, helping to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur.

Producers convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.

RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Sepals protect the flower bud before it opens and can also support the flower.

Sulfur is essential for the synthesis of amino acids and proteins, playing a critical role in plant metabolism.

Tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing for the transfer of force and movement.

The cell membrane regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell.

The filament is the stalk that supports the anther, which produces pollen.

The loop of Henle plays a crucial role in the reabsorption of water and salts, helping to concentrate urine.

The lymphatic system is responsible for transporting lymph, which contains immune cells, and helps in the removal of waste products from tissues.

The ovary's primary role in the female reproductive system is the production of eggs (ova) which are necessary for reproduction.

The spleen plays a crucial role in filtering blood and removing old or damaged red blood cells.

The synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to facilitate communication.

Synovial fluid serves multiple functions including lubrication, nutrient supply, and shock absorption in joints.

Yeast ferments sugars to produce carbon dioxide, which helps the dough rise in baking.