At resonance in a series RLC circuit, the impedance is at a minimum.

At resonance in a series RLC circuit, the total impedance is minimum and is equal to the resistance (R) of the circuit.

In a simple cubic lattice, there is 1 atom per unit cell (1/8 atom from each of the 8 corners).

Maximum velocity occurs at the mean position where the displacement is zero.

Time period (T) = 2π√(m/k), doubling m will double T.

Time period (T) = 2π√(m/k). If mass (m) increases, T increases.

In a standing wave, the points where there is no displacement are called nodes.

A test cross is performed by crossing an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual.

In a test cross, an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual to determine its genotype.

In a test cross, the individual with an unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual.

When light reflects off a denser medium, a phase change of π occurs, leading to destructive interference for certain path differences.

At the center of a thin film, constructive interference occurs for longer wavelengths (red light), making red the dominant color seen.

Red light has the longest wavelength and is least affected by interference effects in thin films compared to shorter wavelengths.

If destructive interference occurs for blue light, the color seen will be the complementary color, which is red.

Due to the phenomenon of thin film interference, the color that is most prominently reflected depends on the thickness of the film and the wavelength of light. Typically, blue light is more likely to be reflected due to shorter wavelengths.

The color that appears at the center of the pattern corresponds to the wavelength that experiences constructive interference, which in this case is red light.

At the center of the thin film interference pattern, the color that appears is typically green due to the constructive interference of wavelengths in that range.

If the film thickness causes constructive interference for blue light, blue will appear at the center of the pattern.

Destructive interference for red light means red light is canceled out, leaving the shorter wavelengths (blue) visible.

At the center, destructive interference occurs for red light due to its longer wavelength.

The turns ratio is 100:200, which simplifies to 1:2.

The turns ratio is 2:1, as the primary has twice the number of turns compared to the secondary.

If the primary coil has more turns than the secondary coil, it is a step-down transformer.

The radius of the circular path is directly proportional to the speed of the charged particle in a uniform magnetic field.

The magnetic force is maximum when the angle between the conductor and the magnetic field is 90 degrees, as sin(90°) = 1.

In a vacuum, light travels the fastest at approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s, while sound and water waves require a medium to travel.

The reverse breakdown region in a Zener diode allows it to regulate voltage by maintaining a constant output voltage.

For a zero-order reaction, the rate is constant and does not depend on the concentration of reactants. The unit of the rate constant (k) is mol/L·s.

In a zero-order reaction, the rate is constant and does not depend on the concentration of the reactants.

The RMS value of a cosine function is I0/√2.