The magnetic moment (μ) of a circular loop is given by μ = I × A, where A is the area of the loop. For a circular loop, A = πr², thus μ = I × πr² = πr²I.

Sexual reproduction promotes genetic variation, which is beneficial for adaptation and evolution.

CRISPR technology offers high precision, low cost, and speed of modification, making it a powerful tool in genetic engineering.

GMOs can provide higher nutritional value, increased resistance to diseases, and lower production costs.

Elastomers are characterized by their elastic properties, allowing them to stretch and return to their original shape.

Mollusca are primarily soft-bodied animals, many of which have a hard shell for protection.

Porifera, or sponges, are characterized by the presence of numerous pores (ostia) in their body.

Natural rubber is primarily composed of polyisoprene, which is derived from latex.

Plasma is primarily composed of about 90% water, which serves as a solvent for various substances in the blood.

The cell wall of plant cells is primarily made of cellulose, which provides structural support.

Transpiration pull, created by the evaporation of water from the leaves, is the main driving force for water movement in plants.

Deforestation leads to habitat loss, which is a major threat to biodiversity.

Plastic waste poses multiple environmental concerns, including air pollution from incineration, soil degradation, and water contamination.

The strong nuclear force is the primary force that holds the nucleons (protons and neutrons) together in the nucleus.

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

Lipids serve as a major form of energy storage in the body.

Phloem is responsible for the transport of food (sugars) produced during photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Producers, such as plants, produce energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.

Skeletal muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movements of the body, allowing for locomotion and manipulation.

Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin, which are essential for the digestion of proteins.

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for the filtration of blood and the formation of urine.

The renal pelvis collects urine from the collecting ducts and transports it to the ureter.

The root system primarily anchors the plant and absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.

Oxygen is the main gas that is taken in during respiration and is essential for cellular metabolism.

The main goal of conservation biology is to protect endangered species and their habitats.

The Rutherford model fails to explain why electrons do not spiral into the nucleus, thus not accounting for atomic stability.

The main method of hydrogen production in the industry is steam reforming of natural gas.

In the laboratory, hydrogen is commonly produced by the reaction of metals (like zinc) with acids.

HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.

Birds and reptiles primarily excrete uric acid, which is less toxic and conserves water compared to urea.