Reduction is defined as the gain of electrons, and it always occurs simultaneously with oxidation in redox reactions.

The Arrhenius equation relates temperature to the rate constant and includes activation energy.

Ketones generally have higher boiling points than aldehydes due to stronger dipole-dipole interactions.

[Ag(NH3)2]+ is a linear complex because silver (Ag) has a coordination number of 2 with two bidentate ligands.

The complex [Cr(NH3)6]3+ is octahedral with a coordination number of 6, as it is surrounded by six ammonia ligands.

The equilibrium constant Kc is dependent on temperature; changing the temperature will change the value of Kc.

The Freundlich adsorption isotherm describes heterogeneous adsorption on surfaces with varying affinities, making it suitable for real-world applications.

The Freundlich adsorption isotherm is applicable to heterogeneous surfaces and describes how adsorption varies with pressure or concentration, indicating that it is not limited to monolayer adsorption.

A solenoid produces a uniform magnetic field inside and negligible field outside when it is long compared to its diameter.

Inside a long solenoid, the magnetic field is uniform and parallel to the axis of the solenoid, provided the solenoid is long enough.

The uncertainty principle states that position and momentum cannot be precisely known at the same time.

Thermal conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct heat; it varies with material and temperature.

Solids have a definite shape due to closely packed particles that do not move freely.

Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.

Plasma has the highest kinetic energy as it consists of ionized gases with free-moving charged particles.

Gases have the least intermolecular forces, allowing particles to move freely.

Gases have the weakest intermolecular forces, allowing particles to move freely.

After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into a fruit, which contains the seeds.

The ovule develops into a seed after fertilization occurs.

The face-centered cubic (FCC) structure has the highest packing efficiency of approximately 74%.

Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, while animal cells do not have them.

Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis.

The anther is the part of the stamen that produces pollen.

The esophagus is part of the digestive system, while the trachea, larynx, and bronchi are components of the respiratory system.

Bone marrow is the primary site for the production of red blood cells in the human body.

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is responsible for storing calcium ions, which are crucial for muscle contraction.

Motor neurons transmit nerve impulses to muscle fibers, initiating muscle contraction.

T-tubules (transverse tubules) are responsible for transmitting the action potential deep into the muscle fiber.

Valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring it flows in one direction through the heart chambers.

Glucose is not typically found in urine unless there is a condition such as diabetes mellitus.