Competition occurs when two species vie for the same limited resources, which can negatively impact both species.

Liquid water exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the attraction between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another.

Structural isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

CH3NH2 (methylamine) and C2H5NH2 (ethylamine) exhibit structural isomerism as they have different carbon skeletons.

The complex [Co(en)2Cl2]+ can exhibit optical isomerism due to the presence of bidentate ligands (en = ethylenediamine) which can create non-superimposable mirror images.

The complex [Cr(en)3]3+ shows optical isomerism because it contains bidentate ligands (en = ethylenediamine) that can create non-superimposable mirror images.

Pivot joints allow for rotational movement, as seen in the neck.

Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip joints, allow for the greatest range of motion.

The elbow is a hinge joint, allowing movement in one plane, primarily flexion and extension.

The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion.

The shoulder and hip joints are ball and socket joints, allowing for a wide range of motion.

The knee joint is classified as a hinge joint, allowing movement primarily in one plane.

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductors are joined together.

In opposite leaf arrangement, two leaves grow at each node directly across from each other.

A convex lens is used to correct hypermetropia (farsightedness) as it converges light rays before they enter the eye.

A convex lens is used to correct hyperopia (farsightedness) as it converges light rays before they enter the eye.

Cellulose is a carbohydrate and a major component of plant cell walls.

Tertiary haloalkanes typically undergo the SN1 mechanism, which involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate.

The hip joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation, making it a versatile joint.

Isometric contraction occurs when the muscle length remains the same while tension is generated.

Smooth muscle is involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs, facilitating functions like digestion.

Cardiac muscle is responsible for the involuntary contractions of the heart, leading to the heartbeat.

Cardiac muscle is the type of muscle tissue found in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.

Skeletal muscle is striated and under voluntary control, allowing for conscious movement.

The body-centered cubic (BCC) structure features body-centered packing, where one atom is at the center of the cube and eight atoms are at the corners.

Hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structures exhibit ABCABC packing.

AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is a virus.

Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

Ferns have a dominant sporophyte generation, which is the leafy part of the plant.

All vascular plants, including angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes, exhibit alternation of generations with both gametophyte and sporophyte stages.