In a rectifier circuit, a diode allows current to flow in one direction, converting AC to DC.

A Punnett square is used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

A resistor is used to limit the current flowing through a semiconductor circuit to prevent damage.

A transformer is used to increase or decrease voltage in an AC circuit.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used as a vector for gene delivery in plant biotechnology.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used as a vector to transfer genes into plant cells.

Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate sodium and potassium levels, thus influencing blood pressure.

An oxidizing agent gains electrons during a redox reaction, causing another species to be oxidized.

Biopesticides are used to control pest populations in an environmentally friendly manner, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides.

Calcium ions bind to troponin, causing a conformational change that allows myosin to bind to actin.

Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis as it captures light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Condoms are used to prevent both pregnancy and the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).

DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, which is crucial for creating recombinant DNA molecules.

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands during replication.

Doping introduces additional charge carriers (electrons or holes) into the semiconductor, enhancing its conductivity.

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body, facilitating various metabolic processes.

Fossils provide crucial evidence of past life forms and their changes over time, helping scientists understand the process of evolution and the history of life on Earth.

Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that leads to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, particularly in small populations.

GMOs are engineered to enhance resistance to pests, thereby increasing crop yield.

GMOs are designed to enhance food quality, safety, and reduce waste, thus all options are correct.

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication.

Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body.

Iron is essential for chlorophyll synthesis and plays a role in various enzymatic reactions.

Keystone species have a disproportionately large impact on their environment, affecting many other organisms in the ecosystem.

MnO4⁻ acts as an oxidizing agent in acidic medium, as it gains electrons and is reduced.

Moderators are used in nuclear reactors to slow down fast neutrons, making them more likely to induce fission in the fuel.

Mutations provide genetic variation, which is essential for evolution as it introduces new traits that may be subject to natural selection.