Osmotic pressure (π) = nRT/V = (0.5 moles)(0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol))(298 K) = 12.3 atm.

Osmotic pressure (π) = nRT/V = (0.5 moles * 0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol) * 298 K) / 1 L = 12.3 atm.

Osmotic pressure (π) = iCRT = 1 * 2 * 0.0821 * 298 = 4.0 atm (i = 1 for glucose).

Osmotic pressure (π) = nRT/V = (2 moles * 0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol) * 298 K) / 1 L = 4.92 atm.

The outermost layer of a plant stem is called the epidermis, which protects the plant from environmental damage.

The outermost layer of cells in a plant is called the epidermis, which protects the plant from environmental damage.

The outermost whorl of a flower is called the calyx, which is made up of sepals.

In NH4Cl, the oxidation state of nitrogen is -3, as it is bonded to four hydrogens.

The packing efficiency of a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure is approximately 68%.

The path difference for the first minimum in single-slit diffraction is λ/2.

The peak voltage (V_peak) is related to the RMS voltage (V_rms) by the formula V_peak = V_rms × √2. Therefore, V_peak = 220 V × √2 ≈ 311 V.

The peak voltage (V_peak) is related to the RMS voltage (V_rms) by the formula V_peak = V_rms × √2. Therefore, V_peak = 220 V × √2 ≈ 311 V.

Percentage error = (|Measured - True| / True) × 100 = (|10.0 - 9.5| / 9.5) × 100 = 5.26%.

Percentage error is calculated as (|True Value - Measured Value| / True Value) * 100 = (|25 - 20| / 25) * 100 = 20%.

Percentage error = (|Measured - True| / True) × 100 = (|20.0 - 19.5| / 19.5) × 100 ≈ 2.56%.

Percentage error = |(True value - Measured value) / True value| * 100 = |(50 - 48) / 50| * 100 = 4%.

pH = -log[H+] = -log(1 x 10^-3) = 3.

Normal human urine typically has a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0, which can vary based on diet and health.

If two particles are executing simple harmonic motion in the same direction with the same amplitude and frequency, their phase difference is 0.

If they have the same frequency and direction, the phase difference is 0.

In phase means the phase difference is 0 radians.

The S phase (Synthesis phase) is where DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes.

The G1 phase is the first stage of interphase where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.

The phenomenon where one gene affects the expression of another gene is called epistasis.

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another is called refraction.

The bending of light when it passes from one medium to another is called refraction.

Poisson's ratio (ν) = Lateral strain / Longitudinal strain = 0.002 / 0.005 = 0.4.

Poisson's ratio (ν) = -lateral strain / longitudinal strain = -0.008 / 0.02 = 0.4.

Poisson's ratio (ν) = Lateral strain / Longitudinal strain = 0.02 / 0.01 = 2.

Poisson's ratio (ν) = -lateral strain / longitudinal strain = -0.005 / 0.01 = 0.5.