During a phase change, the temperature of a substance remains constant while the substance absorbs or releases heat.

In an isochoric process, the volume of the gas remains constant.

In an isochoric process, the volume of the system remains constant.

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the internal energy remains constant because the temperature does not change.

Using the principle of conservation of energy, the final temperature will be 50°C.

The final temperature will be 50°C due to equal masses and specific heat capacities.

Using the principle of conservation of energy, the final temperature can be calculated to be 40°C.

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W. Here, ΔU = 100 J - 40 J = 60 J.

According to the first law of thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W. Here, ΔU = 500 J - 200 J = 300 J.

The work done by the gas during expansion against a constant external pressure is given by W = P_ext * ΔV.

Using the first law of thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W = 100 J - 150 J = -50 J.

Using the First Law of Thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W. Here, ΔU = 30 J - 50 J = -20 J.

Heat travels through the metal rod by conduction, as the kinetic energy is transferred from one atom to another.

Using the first law of thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W = 100 J - 40 J = 60 J.

Using the First Law of Thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W = 200 J - 50 J = 150 J.

According to Newton's law of cooling, the rate of heat transfer increases with an increase in temperature difference.

According to Gay-Lussac's law, pressure is directly proportional to temperature at constant volume, so it doubles.

According to Stefan-Boltzmann law, the rate of heat radiation increases with the fourth power of the temperature, so as the temperature increases, the rate of radiation also increases.

The rate of heat transfer by radiation increases with the fourth power of the absolute temperature, according to Stefan-Boltzmann law.

According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, if the temperature is doubled, the thermal radiation increases by a factor of 2^4 = 16, not quadruples.

According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat will flow from the hotter object to the cooler one until they reach thermal equilibrium.

The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on both the temperature of the hot reservoir and the cold reservoir.

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is dependent on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs, given by η = 1 - (Tc/Th).

According to the first law of thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W. Here, ΔU = 500 J - 200 J = 300 J.

According to Boyle's Law, at constant temperature, if the volume of a gas is doubled, the pressure is halved.

In a cyclic process, the system returns to its initial state, so the change in internal energy is zero.

In a cyclic process, the system returns to its initial state, so the change in internal energy is zero.

In a cyclic process, the net work done by the system is zero because the system returns to its initial state.

In a cyclic process, the system returns to its initial state, so the net change in internal energy is zero.

In a cyclic process, the system returns to its initial state, so the net change in internal energy is zero.