Efficiency = (Work output / Heat input) × 100 = (300 J / 800 J) × 100 = 37.5%.

Efficiency = (Work done / Heat absorbed) * 100 = (200 J / 500 J) * 100 = 40%.

Efficiency = (Work output / Heat input) × 100 = (200 J / 600 J) × 100 = 33.33%.

The work done by a heat engine is equal to the heat absorbed from the hot reservoir minus the heat rejected to the cold reservoir.

Using the first law of thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W, we have 40 J = 100 J - W, thus W = 100 J - 40 J = 60 J.

Using the first law of thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W. Rearranging gives W = Q - ΔU. Here, W = 300 J - 100 J = 200 J.

Using the first law of thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W = 300 J - 100 J = 200 J.

Using the first law of thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W = 300 J - 100 J = 200 J.

In a refrigerator, work is done on the system to transfer heat from a colder body to a hotter body, which is against the natural flow of heat.

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W. Here, ΔU = 300 J - 200 J = 100 J.

In a thermodynamic cycle, the net work done is equal to the net heat added to the system, according to the first law of thermodynamics.

In a thermodynamic cycle, the net work done is equal to the net heat added to the system, as the internal energy change is zero.

The internal energy of a system increases if heat is added to the system or work is done on the system.

Convection is not possible in a vacuum as it requires a medium (fluid) for heat transfer.

An isochoric process is characterized by constant volume, meaning the volume does not change.

In an isochoric process, the volume remains constant, and any heat added to the system increases the internal energy.

In an isochoric process, the volume remains constant, and any heat added increases the internal energy of the gas.

In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, which implies that the internal energy of an ideal gas also remains constant.

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the temperature remains constant, and thus the internal energy also remains constant.

In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, hence the change in internal energy is zero.

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the temperature remains constant, hence the change in internal energy is zero.

For an ideal gas, the internal energy is a function of temperature. In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, hence the internal energy remains constant.

In an isothermal process, the work done by the gas is given by W = nRT ln(Vf/Vi).

In an isothermal process, the temperature of the system remains constant.

Heat exchangers primarily utilize conduction, convection, and radiation for heat transfer.

Convection is the mode of heat transfer where the temperature difference causes the fluid to move, transferring heat.

Radiation is the mode of heat transfer that occurs through electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation.

Heat transfer through conduction occurs primarily in solids, especially metals.

Radiation is the process of heat transfer that occurs without any medium.

In an isothermal process, the internal energy of an ideal gas remains constant.