Gravitation
Q. A satellite is in a circular orbit around the Earth. If its orbital radius is tripled, how does the gravitational force acting on it change?
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A.
It triples
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B.
It halves
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C.
It becomes one-ninth
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D.
It remains the same
Solution
Gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the radius. If radius is tripled, force becomes 1/3² = 1/9.
Correct Answer: C — It becomes one-ninth
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Q. Calculate the weight of a 10 kg object on the surface of the Earth (g = 9.8 m/s²).
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A.
98 N
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B.
10 N
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C.
9.8 N
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D.
100 N
Solution
Weight W = m * g = 10 kg * 9.8 m/s² = 98 N.
Correct Answer: A — 98 N
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Q. How does gravitational potential energy (U) change when the distance from the center of the Earth increases? (2020)
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A.
It increases
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B.
It decreases
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C.
It remains constant
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D.
It becomes zero
Solution
Gravitational potential energy increases as the distance from the center of the Earth increases.
Correct Answer: A — It increases
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Q. How does the gravitational force between two objects change if the mass of one object is halved?
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A.
It doubles
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B.
It halves
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C.
It remains the same
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D.
It becomes zero
Solution
Gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses. Halving one mass halves the force.
Correct Answer: B — It halves
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Q. If the mass of the Earth were to double, what would happen to the gravitational force experienced by an object on its surface?
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A.
It doubles
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B.
It halves
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C.
It quadruples
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D.
It remains the same
Solution
Gravitational force is directly proportional to mass. If mass doubles, force also doubles.
Correct Answer: A — It doubles
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Q. If the radius of the Earth were to increase by 50%, what would happen to the weight of an object on its surface?
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A.
It increases by 50%
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B.
It increases by 25%
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C.
It decreases by 25%
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D.
It remains the same
Solution
Weight is inversely proportional to the square of the radius. If radius increases by 50%, weight decreases by 25%.
Correct Answer: C — It decreases by 25%
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Q. If the radius of the Earth were to increase while keeping its mass constant, what would happen to the gravitational acceleration at its surface?
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A.
It increases
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B.
It decreases
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C.
It remains the same
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D.
It becomes zero
Solution
Gravitational acceleration g = GM/R². If R increases, g decreases.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases
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Q. If the radius of the Earth were to increase while keeping its mass constant, what would happen to the value of g? (2023)
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A.
g increases
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B.
g decreases
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C.
g remains the same
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D.
g becomes zero
Solution
If the radius increases while mass remains constant, g decreases because g = G * M / r^2.
Correct Answer: B — g decreases
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Q. What is the escape velocity from the surface of the Earth? (g = 9.8 m/s², R = 6.4 × 10^6 m)
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A.
11.2 km/s
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B.
9.8 km/s
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C.
7.9 km/s
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D.
15 km/s
Solution
Escape velocity (v) = √(2gR) = √(2 * 9.8 * 6.4 × 10^6) ≈ 11.2 km/s
Correct Answer: A — 11.2 km/s
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Q. What is the escape velocity from the surface of the Earth? (R = 6.4 × 10^6 m, g = 9.8 m/s²)
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A.
11.2 km/s
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B.
9.8 km/s
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C.
7.9 km/s
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D.
12.0 km/s
Solution
Escape velocity v = √(2gR) = √(2 * 9.8 * 6.4 × 10^6) ≈ 11.2 km/s.
Correct Answer: A — 11.2 km/s
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Q. What is the gravitational field strength at a distance of 10 m from a mass of 100 kg? (G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N m²/kg²)
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A.
6.67 × 10^-10 N/kg
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B.
6.67 × 10^-9 N/kg
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C.
6.67 × 10^-8 N/kg
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D.
6.67 × 10^-7 N/kg
Solution
g = G * M / r² = (6.67 × 10^-11) * (100) / (10²) = 6.67 × 10^-10 N/kg
Correct Answer: A — 6.67 × 10^-10 N/kg
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Q. What is the gravitational force acting on a 50 kg object on the surface of the Earth?
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A.
490 N
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B.
50 N
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C.
5 N
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D.
500 N
Solution
Weight W = m * g = 50 kg * 9.8 m/s² = 490 N.
Correct Answer: A — 490 N
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Q. What is the gravitational force between two 1 kg masses placed 1 meter apart? (G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N m²/kg²)
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A.
6.67 × 10^-11 N
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B.
1.67 × 10^-10 N
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C.
6.67 × 10^-10 N
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D.
0 N
Solution
F = G * (m1 * m2) / r² = (6.67 × 10^-11) * (1 * 1) / (1²) = 6.67 × 10^-11 N
Correct Answer: A — 6.67 × 10^-11 N
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Q. What is the gravitational force between two objects of mass 5 kg and 10 kg separated by a distance of 2 m? (G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N m²/kg²)
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A.
1.67 × 10^-10 N
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B.
1.25 × 10^-10 N
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C.
1.00 × 10^-10 N
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D.
2.00 × 10^-10 N
Solution
Using the formula F = G * (m1 * m2) / r², we have F = (6.67 × 10^-11) * (5 * 10) / (2²) = 1.67 × 10^-10 N.
Correct Answer: A — 1.67 × 10^-10 N
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Q. What is the gravitational force between two objects of mass m1 and m2 separated by a distance r? (2021)
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A.
G * (m1 * m2) / r^2
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B.
G * (m1 + m2) / r^2
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C.
G * (m1 - m2) / r^2
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D.
G * (m1 * m2) * r^2
Solution
The gravitational force is given by Newton's law of gravitation: F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2.
Correct Answer: A — G * (m1 * m2) / r^2
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Q. Which of the following statements is true regarding gravitational fields? (2022)
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A.
Gravitational fields are always attractive
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B.
Gravitational fields can be repulsive
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C.
Gravitational fields are independent of mass
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D.
Gravitational fields do not exist in space
Solution
Gravitational fields are always attractive, pulling masses towards each other.
Correct Answer: A — Gravitational fields are always attractive
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