The capacitance (C) of a parallel plate capacitor is given by the formula C = ε₀A/d, where A is the area of the plates and d is the separation between them.

The capacitance of a spherical capacitor depends on both the radius of the inner sphere and the outer sphere.

Absolute zero is defined as the temperature at which molecular motion ceases, corresponding to 0 Kelvin.

Absolute zero refers to the lowest possible temperature, at which gas molecules theoretically stop moving, making both A and B correct.

The critical angle occurs when light travels from a denser medium (water) to a less dense medium (air).

The Earth's magnetic field is approximately 1000 times weaker than that of a typical refrigerator magnet.

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is determined by the temperatures of both the hot and cold reservoirs, given by the formula η = 1 - (T_c/T_h).

The electric field (E) between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is given by the expression E = V/d, where V is the voltage and d is the distance between the plates.

The electric field (E) between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is given by the formula E = V/d, where V is the voltage and d is the separation between the plates.

The electric field E due to a dipole at a point along the axial line is given by E = (1/4πε₀) * (2p) / r³.

The electric field (E) due to a point charge (Q) is given by E = kQ/r^2, where k is Coulomb's constant.

The electric potential (V) due to a point charge (Q) at a distance (r) is given by V = kQ/r, where k is Coulomb's constant.

The energy of a simple harmonic oscillator is maximum at the amplitude, where the velocity is zero and all energy is potential.

The energy stored in a capacitor is given by U = 1/2 CV^2, which shows it is proportional to both charge and voltage.

The energy (U) stored in a capacitor is given by the formula U = 1/2 CV^2, where C is capacitance and V is voltage.

The equation of state for an ideal gas is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

The escape velocity from the surface of the Earth is approximately 11.2 km/s.

The force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is described by the Lorentz Force Law, F = q(v × B).

The force (F) on a charged particle in a magnetic field is given by F = qvB sin(θ). The force is maximum when θ = 90 degrees, as sin(90) = 1.

The force (F) on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is described by the Lorentz Force Law, F = q(v × B), where q is the charge, v is the velocity, and B is the magnetic field.

The force on a charged particle in a magnetic field is given by F = qvB sin(θ). The force is maximum when sin(θ) = 1, which occurs at θ = 90 degrees.

In forward bias, the anode is connected to a higher potential than the cathode, allowing current to flow.

Angular frequency (ω) = 2πf = 2π × 5 = 10 rad/s

The frequency of the second harmonic is twice the fundamental frequency. Therefore, if the fundamental frequency is 10 Hz, the second harmonic frequency is 2 * 10 Hz = 20 Hz.

The gravitational field strength is given by E = GM/r^2.

If the distance is tripled, the force becomes F/9, which is approximately 1.11 N.

The gravitational force depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them, as per Newton's law of gravitation.

Gravitational force acts at a distance without any physical contact between the masses.

Gravitational potential energy is defined as the work done against gravity to move an object to a height.

The gravitational potential energy is given by the formula U = mgh.