Insulin is the hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

Adaptive radiation is the rapid evolution of many species from a common ancestor, often occurring when species colonize new environments with diverse ecological niches.

Binomial nomenclature is a two-part naming system for organisms, consisting of the genus and species names.

Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustainably support.

Genetic drift refers to changes in allele frequencies in a population due to random sampling of organisms, which can lead to significant changes over time, especially in small populations.

Ovulation is the process of releasing an egg from the ovary, which is a key event in the female reproductive cycle.

Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction where an embryo develops from an unfertilized egg, and it is considered a type of asexual reproduction.

The average duration of a human menstrual cycle is approximately 28 days.

The average duration of a human pregnancy is approximately 40 weeks.

Red blood cells typically have an average lifespan of about 120 days before they are removed from circulation by the spleen.

The average volume of blood in an adult human body is approximately 5 to 6 liters.

The basic structural and functional unit of an animal's body is the cell.

The basic structural and functional unit of life in animals is the cell.

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life, as it is the smallest unit that can carry out all life processes.

The basic unit of classification in biology is the species, which is defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

A gene is the basic unit of heredity, responsible for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

The cell is the basic unit of life as it is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism.

Cortisol is a steroid hormone that helps reduce inflammation and is involved in the stress response.

Deforestation leads to habitat loss, which significantly decreases biodiversity as many species lose their homes.

Deforestation increases carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere as trees that absorb CO2 are removed.

Gibberellins promote seed germination by breaking dormancy and stimulating the growth of the embryo.

Magnesium deficiency leads to chlorosis, particularly in older leaves, as it is a key component of chlorophyll.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium levels in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from bones and increasing calcium absorption in the intestines.

Photoperiod is crucial in determining the timing of flowering in many plants, influencing their reproductive cycle.

Plastic pollution leads to habitat destruction and bioaccumulation of toxins in marine organisms, severely impacting marine ecosystems.

In a dihybrid cross, the expected genotypic ratio in the F2 generation is 9:3:3:1.

The pistil is the female reproductive part of the flower, consisting of the ovary, style, and stigma.

A promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription of a gene by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.

A promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription of a particular gene, allowing for gene expression.

Selectable markers are genes that confer resistance to antibiotics or other substances, allowing for the identification of cells that have successfully taken up the vector.