An eagle is an example of a tertiary consumer as it feeds on secondary consumers like foxes.

The human appendix is considered a vestigial structure, as it has lost its original function over the course of evolution.

Adaptive radiation refers to the rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor, exemplified by the finches in the Galapagos Islands.

The cane toad is an example of an invasive species that disrupts local ecosystems.

Dog breeding is an example of artificial selection, where humans selectively breed animals for desired traits.

Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits, as seen in whales and fish, which both have streamlined bodies for swimming.

Darwin's finches are an example of divergent evolution, where different species evolved from a common ancestor and adapted to different environments.

Aquariums are an example of ex-situ conservation as they involve the conservation of species outside their natural habitats.

Starfish can reproduce through fragmentation, where a part of the organism breaks off and develops into a new individual.

Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both species benefit, such as bees pollinating flowers.

Pollination in flowering plants is a key process in sexual reproduction, involving the transfer of pollen to fertilize ovules.

Binary fission in amoeba is a form of asexual reproduction where a single organism divides into two.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Increased pollution is not a benefit of biodiversity; rather, biodiversity helps in reducing pollution.

Higher labor costs are not a benefit of biotechnology; in fact, biotechnology often aims to reduce labor costs through increased efficiency.

Creation of synthetic fertilizers is not a benefit of biotechnology in medicine; it is related to agricultural biotechnology.

Genetically modified crops are generally designed to reduce costs and increase yield, not to increase production costs.

Reduced agricultural yield is not a benefit of GMOs; in fact, they are designed to increase yield and resilience.

Higher production costs are not a benefit of biotechnology; in fact, biotechnology aims to reduce costs.

Genetic engineering of crops is primarily an agricultural application, not a direct medical application.

Species diversity refers to the variety of species in an ecosystem, not a characteristic of a single population.

Ecosystems are dynamic and characterized by changing populations, not static populations.

K-selected species typically have low reproductive rates, focusing on raising fewer offspring with high parental care.

Decay is not a characteristic of life; it is a process that occurs after death.

Inertia is not a characteristic of living organisms; they exhibit growth, reproduction, and movement.

R-selected species are characterized by high fecundity and short lifespans, not long gestation periods.

Echinodermata do not possess a notochord; this feature is characteristic of Chordata.

Phylum Mollusca is characterized by soft bodies, often with a shell, and a mantle, but they do not have jointed legs.

Porifera, or sponges, lack true tissues, which distinguishes them from other multicellular organisms.

The plant kingdom is characterized by eukaryotic cells, autotrophic nutrition, and the presence of chlorophyll. Heterotrophic nutrition is not a characteristic of plants.