Q. If a trait is controlled by multiple alleles, what is this phenomenon called? (2022)
A.
Polygenic inheritance
B.
Multiple alleles
C.
Incomplete dominance
D.
Codominance
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Solution
When a trait is controlled by multiple alleles, it is referred to as multiple alleles.
Correct Answer: B — Multiple alleles
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Q. In a cross between a homozygous tall plant (TT) and a homozygous short plant (tt), what will be the genotype of the F1 generation? (2019)
A.
TT
B.
tt
C.
Tt
D.
TtTt
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Solution
The genotype of the F1 generation from a cross between TT and tt will be Tt (all offspring will be heterozygous).
Correct Answer: C — Tt
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Q. In a cross between a homozygous tall plant and a homozygous short plant, what will be the height of the F1 generation? (2019)
A.
Tall
B.
Short
C.
Medium
D.
Variable
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Solution
The height of the F1 generation will be tall, as tall is the dominant trait.
Correct Answer: A — Tall
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Q. In a cross between a red flowered plant (RR) and a white flowered plant (rr), what will be the color of the flowers in the F1 generation? (2019)
A.
Red
B.
White
C.
Pink
D.
Purple
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Solution
The F1 generation will have red flowers since red is dominant over white.
Correct Answer: A — Red
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Q. In a dihybrid cross, what is the expected phenotypic ratio? (2023)
A.
1:1
B.
3:1
C.
9:3:3:1
D.
1:2:1
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Solution
The expected phenotypic ratio in a dihybrid cross is 9:3:3:1.
Correct Answer: C — 9:3:3:1
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Q. In a pedigree chart, a filled circle represents which of the following? (2023)
A.
Male
B.
Female
C.
Affected female
D.
Affected male
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Solution
In a pedigree chart, a filled circle represents an affected female.
Correct Answer: C — Affected female
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Q. In a test cross, an individual of unknown genotype is crossed with which of the following? (2021)
A.
Homozygous dominant
B.
Heterozygous
C.
Homozygous recessive
D.
Any individual
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Solution
A test cross is performed by crossing an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual.
Correct Answer: C — Homozygous recessive
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Q. In a test cross, an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with which of the following? (2021)
A.
Homozygous dominant
B.
Homozygous recessive
C.
Heterozygous
D.
None of the above
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Solution
In a test cross, an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual to determine its genotype.
Correct Answer: B — Homozygous recessive
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Q. In a test cross, an individual with an unknown genotype is crossed with which of the following? (2023)
A.
Homozygous dominant
B.
Heterozygous
C.
Homozygous recessive
D.
Any individual
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Solution
In a test cross, the individual with an unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual.
Correct Answer: C — Homozygous recessive
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Q. In humans, the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant over the allele for blue eyes (b). What is the genotype of a person with blue eyes? (2019)
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Solution
A person with blue eyes must have the genotype bb, as blue is recessive.
Correct Answer: C — bb
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Q. In Mendel's experiments, which trait was observed to be dominant in pea plants? (2018)
A.
Green seed color
B.
Yellow seed color
C.
Wrinkled seeds
D.
Short plants
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Solution
In Mendel's experiments, yellow seed color was observed to be the dominant trait in pea plants.
Correct Answer: B — Yellow seed color
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Q. In Mendel's experiments, which trait was observed to be dominant over the other? (2018)
A.
Green seed color
B.
Yellow seed color
C.
Round seed shape
D.
Wrinkled seed shape
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Solution
In Mendel's experiments, yellow seed color was observed to be dominant over green seed color.
Correct Answer: B — Yellow seed color
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Q. What is the expected genotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross? (2019)
A.
1:2:1
B.
3:1
C.
9:3:3:1
D.
1:1:1:1
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Solution
In a dihybrid cross, the expected genotypic ratio in the F2 generation is 9:3:3:1.
Correct Answer: C — 9:3:3:1
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Q. What is the expected ratio of phenotypes in a cross between two purebred parents with contrasting traits? (2019)
A.
1:1
B.
3:1
C.
9:3:3:1
D.
1:2:1
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Solution
The expected ratio of phenotypes in a cross between two purebred parents with contrasting traits is 1:1 in the F1 generation when they are crossed with each other.
Correct Answer: A — 1:1
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Q. What is the main purpose of a Punnett square? (2020)
A.
To determine the phenotype
B.
To predict genetic variation
C.
To identify alleles
D.
To analyze pedigrees
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Solution
A Punnett square is used to predict the genetic variation and possible genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
Correct Answer: B — To predict genetic variation
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Q. What is the phenomenon called when one gene affects the expression of another gene? (2022)
A.
Epistasis
B.
Pleiotropy
C.
Codominance
D.
Incomplete dominance
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Solution
The phenomenon where one gene affects the expression of another gene is called epistasis.
Correct Answer: A — Epistasis
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Q. What is the probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring from a cross between two heterozygous parents? (2022)
A.
0%
B.
25%
C.
50%
D.
75%
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Solution
The probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring (aa) from a cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa) is 25%.
Correct Answer: B — 25%
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Q. What is the role of a Punnett square? (2023)
A.
To determine the phenotype of an organism
B.
To predict the genotypes of offspring
C.
To identify mutations
D.
To analyze genetic disorders
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Solution
A Punnett square is used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
Correct Answer: B — To predict the genotypes of offspring
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Q. What is the term for an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait? (2022)
A.
Heterozygous
B.
Homozygous
C.
Dominant
D.
Recessive
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Solution
An organism with two identical alleles for a trait is called homozygous.
Correct Answer: B — Homozygous
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Q. What is the term for an organism's genetic makeup? (2022)
A.
Phenotype
B.
Genotype
C.
Allele
D.
Trait
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Solution
The genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its genotype.
Correct Answer: B — Genotype
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Q. What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism? (2023)
A.
Phenotype
B.
Genotype
C.
Allele
D.
Trait
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Solution
The genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its genotype.
Correct Answer: B — Genotype
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Q. What is the term for the physical location of a gene on a chromosome? (2019)
A.
Allele
B.
Locus
C.
Genotype
D.
Phenotype
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Solution
The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is called a locus.
Correct Answer: B — Locus
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Q. Which of the following describes codominance? (2019)
A.
One allele is dominant over another
B.
Both alleles are expressed equally
C.
Neither allele is expressed
D.
One allele is partially dominant
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Solution
Codominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype that shows both traits.
Correct Answer: B — Both alleles are expressed equally
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Q. Which of the following is an example of a dihybrid cross? (2019)
A.
Aa x Aa
B.
AaBb x AaBb
C.
AA x aa
D.
Aa x aa
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Solution
A dihybrid cross involves two traits, and AaBb x AaBb is an example of such a cross.
Correct Answer: B — AaBb x AaBb
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Q. Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked trait? (2019)
A.
Color blindness
B.
Height
C.
Seed shape
D.
Flower color
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Solution
Color blindness is a sex-linked trait, primarily located on the X chromosome, affecting males more frequently than females.
Correct Answer: A — Color blindness
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a Mendelian trait? (2022)
A.
Flower color in pea plants
B.
Blood type in humans
C.
Height in humans
D.
Skin color in humans
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Solution
Skin color in humans is a polygenic trait and does not follow Mendelian inheritance patterns.
Correct Answer: D — Skin color in humans
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a type of inheritance pattern? (2021)
A.
Incomplete dominance
B.
Codominance
C.
Polygenic inheritance
D.
Transgenic inheritance
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Solution
Transgenic inheritance is not a recognized pattern of inheritance; it refers to organisms that have been genetically modified.
Correct Answer: D — Transgenic inheritance
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Q. Which of the following represents a homozygous dominant genotype? (2021)
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Solution
The genotype 'AA' represents a homozygous dominant individual.
Correct Answer: A — AA
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Q. Which of the following represents a phenotype? (2021)
A.
BB
B.
Bb
C.
bb
D.
Brown eyes
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Solution
A phenotype is the observable characteristic, such as brown eyes.
Correct Answer: D — Brown eyes
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Q. Which of the following represents a test cross? (2020)
A.
AA x aa
B.
Aa x Aa
C.
AA x Aa
D.
aa x aa
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Solution
A test cross is performed by crossing an individual with a homozygous recessive individual (AA x aa) to determine the genotype of the former.
Correct Answer: A — AA x aa
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