A charged particle experiences no magnetic force when it is either at rest or moving parallel to the magnetic field.

A charged particle experiences maximum magnetic force when moving perpendicular to the magnetic field, as sin(90°) = 1.

A magnetic field is produced by a moving charge. A stationary charge does not produce a magnetic field.

Total internal reflection cannot occur when light travels from a rarer medium (air) to a denser medium (glass).

Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from a denser medium (glass) to a less dense medium (air) at an angle greater than the critical angle.

When a gas is compressed, the number of microstates decreases, leading to a decrease in entropy.

Fluids generally have lower viscosity at higher temperatures.

A fluid typically has the lowest viscosity at high temperatures.

Heating a liquid generally decreases its viscosity, allowing it to flow more freely.

The effects of viscosity are most prominently observed when oil pours from a bottle, as it flows slowly due to its higher viscosity.

O2 has unpaired electrons in its molecular orbital configuration, making it paramagnetic.

Liquids generally exhibit the highest density at low temperatures.

In solids, particles are closely packed and have limited movement.

In isothermal expansion, a gas does work on its surroundings as it expands.

Convection is the process of heat transfer that occurs due to the movement of fluid, where warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise and cooler areas sink.

Conduction is the process where heat is transferred through a material without any movement of the material itself.

The freezing of water results in a decrease in the entropy of the system as it transitions from liquid to solid.

The maximum frictional force occurs when an object is at rest, just before it starts to slide, which is characterized by static friction.

The Gibbs Free Energy of a system is at its minimum at equilibrium, indicating stability.

Total internal reflection cannot occur when light travels from a rarer medium (air) to a denser medium (water) at any angle, as it will always refract.

ΔG = 0 occurs at equilibrium, where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.

ΔG equals ΔH when the entropy change (ΔS) is zero, indicating no change in disorder.

ΔG is zero at equilibrium, indicating no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products.

Plasma has the highest kinetic energy as the particles are highly energized and ionized.

In an endothermic reaction, the change in enthalpy is equal to the heat absorbed at constant pressure.

Distance between fringes (y) = (λD)/d. Assuming λ = 500 nm, y = (500 x 10^-9 * 1)/(0.2 x 10^-3) = 0.0025 m = 0.25 mm. Distance between first and second bright fringes = 0.4 mm.

Fringe width (β) = λD/d. Here, D = 1 m, d = 0.2 mm = 0.0002 m, λ = 500 nm = 500 x 10^-9 m. β = (500 x 10^-9 * 1) / 0.0002 = 0.0025 m = 0.25 mm.

Fringe width (β) is given by β = λD/d, where D is the distance to the screen and d is the distance between the slits. If d is doubled, β halves.

Fringe width is given by β = λD/d. If d (distance between slits) is doubled, the fringe width β will halve.

f(x) is a polynomial function, which is differentiable everywhere, including at x = 1.