A universal set contains all elements under consideration. Here, {1, 2, 3} contains all elements from both A and B.

The power set of a set with n elements has 2^n subsets. For G, n=2, so the power set is {∅, {x}, {y}, {x, y}}.

The power set of {1, 2} is {{}, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}}.

A subset can only contain elements from the original set. {5} is not a subset of {1, 2, 3, 4}.

The set {0} is not a subset of the natural numbers, as natural numbers start from 1.

For a 3p electron, n=3 and l=1. The magnetic quantum number m_l can be -1, 0, or +1.

For a 4d orbital, n=4 and l=2. The m_l value can be -2, -1, 0, +1, +2.

For l=0, m_l can only be 0. Therefore, n=1, l=0, m_l=1 is not allowed.

For l=1, m_l can only be -1, 0, or +1. Therefore, m_l=2 is not possible.

The hollow sphere has the largest moment of inertia compared to the other shapes for the same mass and radius.

CaCl2 dissociates into 3 ions (Ca^2+ and 2 Cl^-), leading to the highest boiling point elevation among the options.

Concentration in terms of molarity: 0.1 M NaCl = 0.1, 0.2 M KCl = 0.2, 0.05 M CaCl2 = 0.15 (0.05*3), 0.3 M MgSO4 = 0.3. Highest is 0.3 M MgSO4.

0.1 M MgCl2 will have the highest boiling point due to the highest van 't Hoff factor (i = 3).

MgCl2 dissociates into 3 ions, leading to the greatest freezing point depression among the options.

MgCl2 dissociates into 3 ions, leading to the highest number of solute particles and thus the lowest vapor pressure.

In SF4, the sulfur atom is sp3d hybridized, resulting in a seesaw molecular geometry.

F2 has a bond order of 1, calculated as (8 bonding electrons - 6 antibonding electrons)/2 = 1.

In CCl4, the central carbon atom is sp3 hybridized, forming a tetrahedral geometry.

CO2 has a linear geometry due to the sp hybridization of the carbon atom.

BeCl2 has two bonding pairs and no lone pairs, resulting in a linear molecular geometry.

BeCl2 has two bonding pairs and no lone pairs, resulting in a linear shape.

CH4 has a tetrahedral shape due to sp3 hybridization of the carbon atom.

PCl5 has five bonding pairs and no lone pairs, resulting in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

C2H4 (ethylene) has a carbon-carbon double bond, and each carbon is sp2 hybridized.

O2+ has a bond order of 2.5, which is higher than O2 (2), O2- (1.5), and O2 2- (1).

In the given reaction, MnO4- is reduced to Mn^2+.

A convex lens can produce both real images (when the object is outside the focal length) and virtual images (when the object is within the focal length).

A potentiometer requires a constant current to ensure accurate measurements of voltage.

Alcohols have higher boiling points than alkanes due to hydrogen bonding.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.