In a reversible process, the total entropy of the system and surroundings remains constant.

In a spontaneous process, the entropy of a system increases.

The entropy of a system increases when it undergoes an irreversible process.

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases.

When a reaction is reversed, the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction is the reciprocal of the equilibrium constant for the forward reaction.

When a reaction is reversed, the equilibrium constant is inverted (1/K).

In a p-type semiconductor, the Fermi level moves up towards the valence band due to the increased hole concentration.

When a lens is immersed in a medium with a higher refractive index, its effective focal length decreases due to the reduced refractive power.

The focal length of a lens decreases when immersed in a medium with a higher refractive index than air.

The freezing point of a solvent decreases when a non-volatile solute is added, a phenomenon known as freezing point depression.

As damping increases, the frequency of the damped oscillator decreases.

The frequency of oscillation in a damped system is lower than that of an undamped system due to energy loss.

Fringe width (β) is inversely proportional to the distance to the screen (D). If D is halved, the fringe width decreases.

When the Wheatstone bridge is balanced, the potential difference across the galvanometer is zero, resulting in zero current.

The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses. If one mass is tripled, the force also triples.

The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. If the distance is tripled, the force becomes 1/(3^2) = 1/9 of the original force.

The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses. If one mass is tripled, the force also triples.

The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses, so tripling one mass triples the force.

The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses, so tripling one mass triples the force.

The gravitational force on a satellite decreases as it moves further away from the Earth, following the inverse square law.

The gravitational force on a satellite decreases as it moves to a higher orbit due to the inverse square law of gravitation.

The gravitational force decreases with the square of the distance from the center of the Earth. If the altitude is doubled, the distance from the center of the Earth becomes R + 2h, and the force becomes weaker by a factor of four.

The gravitational potential decreases as you move away from a mass.

The gravitational potential decreases as you move away from a massive body.

As a satellite moves further away from the Earth, its gravitational potential energy increases because it is moving to a higher potential.

As a satellite moves to a higher orbit, its gravitational potential energy increases due to the increase in distance from the Earth.

As an object moves away from a planet, its gravitational potential energy increases (becomes less negative).

As an object moves away from the Earth, its gravitational potential energy increases.

As the object moves closer, the image distance increases.

When an object is placed at infinity, a concave lens forms a virtual image at its focal point, which is upright.