Total power P = P1 + P2 = 5 D - 3 D = 2 D.

Using d sin θ = mλ, λ = d sin θ/m. For m=1, d=0.1 mm, θ=30°, λ = 0.1 mm * sin(30°) = 0.1 mm * 0.5 = 0.05 mm = 0.2 mm.

Using d sin θ = mλ, λ = d sin θ/m. For m=1, d=0.1 mm, θ=30°, λ = 0.1 mm * sin(30°) = 0.1 mm * 0.5 = 0.05 mm = 0.5 mm.

Using d sin θ = mλ, λ = d sin θ/m. For m=1, d=0.1 mm, θ=30°, λ = 0.1 mm * sin(30°) = 0.1 mm * 0.5 = 0.05 mm = 500 nm.

When light passes through a circular aperture, it exhibits Fresnel diffraction, characterized by a pattern of concentric rings.

A circular aperture produces an Airy pattern, characterized by a central bright spot surrounded by concentric dark and bright rings.

A concave lens always forms a virtual and upright image regardless of the object's position.

When the object is placed between the focal point and the mirror, the image formed is virtual and upright.

When the object is placed beyond twice the focal length, the image is real and inverted.

A convex lens forms a real and inverted image when the object is beyond the focal point.

A convex mirror always forms a virtual and upright image regardless of the object's position.

Hyperopia is corrected using a convex lens, which converges light rays before they enter the eye, allowing for clear vision of nearby objects.

Linearly polarized light consists of waves that oscillate in a single plane, making it completely polarized.

Lasers emit light that is completely polarized because the light waves are emitted in a single direction and phase.

When unpolarized light passes through a polarizer, its intensity is reduced to half of its original value.

A larger slit width results in less pronounced diffraction, leading to a narrower central maximum.

The angular width of a diffraction maximum is defined as the angle between the first minimum on either side of the central maximum.

Violet light has the shortest wavelength among the visible spectrum.

Total internal reflection occurs only when light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium and the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle.

Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium and the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle.

In circular polarization, the electric field vector rotates in a circular motion as the wave propagates.

Polarization of light refers to the phenomenon where light waves oscillate in a single plane.

The condition for the first minimum in a single-slit diffraction pattern is given by a sin(θ) = λ, where 'a' is the slit width and 'λ' is the wavelength.

The condition for the first minimum in single-slit diffraction is given by a sin(θ) = mλ, where m = 1 for the first minimum.

Linearly polarized light vibrates in a single plane, as opposed to unpolarized light which vibrates in multiple planes.

Diffraction is utilized in various applications including optical instruments, radio transmission, and medical imaging.

Fiber optic communication relies on total internal reflection to transmit light signals over long distances with minimal loss.

Diffraction does not produce polarized light; it is a phenomenon related to the bending of waves around obstacles.

Polaroid film is specifically designed to polarize light by allowing only light waves oscillating in a certain direction to pass through.

Polaroid is a material specifically designed to polarize light.