Polarization
Q. What is the condition for light to be polarized by reflection?
A.
Angle of incidence equals angle of refraction
B.
Angle of incidence equals Brewster's angle
C.
Angle of incidence is 45 degrees
D.
Light must be monochromatic
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Solution
Light is polarized by reflection when the angle of incidence equals Brewster's angle.
Correct Answer: B — Angle of incidence equals Brewster's angle
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Q. What is the effect of a polarizer on unpolarized light?
A.
It increases the intensity
B.
It decreases the intensity
C.
It does not change the intensity
D.
It changes the color
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Solution
A polarizer decreases the intensity of unpolarized light by allowing only a certain orientation of light waves to pass through.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases the intensity
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Q. What is the effect of a quarter-wave plate on polarized light?
A.
It reflects the light
B.
It changes the polarization direction
C.
It converts linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light
D.
It absorbs the light
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Solution
A quarter-wave plate converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light by introducing a phase shift of 90 degrees.
Correct Answer: C — It converts linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light
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Q. What is the effect of a second polarizer oriented at 90 degrees to the first polarizer on the transmitted light intensity?
A.
It increases the intensity
B.
It decreases the intensity to zero
C.
It has no effect
D.
It doubles the intensity
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Solution
When a second polarizer is oriented at 90 degrees to the first, it blocks all the light, reducing the intensity to zero.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases the intensity to zero
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Q. What is the effect of a second polarizer oriented at 90 degrees to the first?
A.
No light passes through
B.
All light passes through
C.
Half of the light passes through
D.
Light intensity doubles
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Solution
When a second polarizer is oriented at 90 degrees to the first, no light passes through.
Correct Answer: A — No light passes through
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Q. What is the effect of a second polarizer placed at 90 degrees to the first polarizer on the intensity of light?
A.
It increases the intensity
B.
It decreases the intensity to zero
C.
It has no effect
D.
It doubles the intensity
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Solution
When light passes through a second polarizer at 90 degrees to the first, the intensity is reduced to zero.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases the intensity to zero
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Q. What is the effect of rotating a polarizer in front of a beam of polarized light?
A.
The intensity increases
B.
The intensity decreases
C.
The intensity remains constant
D.
The light changes color
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Solution
As the polarizer is rotated, the intensity of the transmitted light varies according to Malus's law, decreasing as the angle increases.
Correct Answer: B — The intensity decreases
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Q. What is the effect of rotating a polarizer in front of a polarized light source?
A.
Intensity remains constant
B.
Intensity increases
C.
Intensity decreases
D.
Intensity first increases then decreases
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Solution
As the polarizer is rotated, the intensity of the transmitted light varies according to the cosine square of the angle between the light's polarization direction and the polarizer's axis.
Correct Answer: D — Intensity first increases then decreases
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Q. What is the maximum percentage of light transmitted through two polarizers?
A.
0%
B.
25%
C.
50%
D.
100%
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Solution
The maximum percentage of light transmitted through two aligned polarizers is 100%.
Correct Answer: D — 100%
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Q. What is the phenomenon called when light waves are restricted to vibrate in a single plane?
A.
Refraction
B.
Diffraction
C.
Polarization
D.
Interference
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Solution
The phenomenon of light waves being restricted to vibrate in a single plane is called polarization.
Correct Answer: C — Polarization
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Q. What is the phenomenon of polarization in light?
A.
The splitting of light into different colors
B.
The alignment of light waves in a particular direction
C.
The reflection of light off a surface
D.
The bending of light as it passes through a medium
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Solution
Polarization refers to the orientation of the oscillations of light waves in a particular direction.
Correct Answer: B — The alignment of light waves in a particular direction
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Q. What is the primary use of polarizers in photography?
A.
To increase brightness
B.
To reduce glare
C.
To enhance colors
D.
To focus light
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Solution
Polarizers are primarily used in photography to reduce glare from reflective surfaces.
Correct Answer: B — To reduce glare
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Q. What is the principle behind the operation of a polarimeter?
A.
Measuring the speed of light
B.
Determining the wavelength of light
C.
Measuring the rotation of polarized light
D.
Calculating the intensity of light
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Solution
A polarimeter measures the angle of rotation of polarized light as it passes through a sample, which can indicate the concentration of optically active substances.
Correct Answer: C — Measuring the rotation of polarized light
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Q. What is the principle behind the working of a 3D movie glasses?
A.
Color filtering
B.
Polarization
C.
Refraction
D.
Diffraction
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Solution
3D movie glasses use polarization to filter different images for each eye, creating a three-dimensional effect.
Correct Answer: B — Polarization
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Q. What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of polarization?
A.
They are equal
B.
They are complementary
C.
They are supplementary
D.
There is no relationship
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Solution
At the angle of polarization, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction.
Correct Answer: A — They are equal
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Q. What is the relationship between the electric field and magnetic field in polarized light?
A.
They are always perpendicular to each other
B.
They oscillate in the same direction
C.
They are in phase with each other
D.
They have varying amplitudes
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Solution
In polarized light, the electric field and magnetic field are always perpendicular to each other.
Correct Answer: A — They are always perpendicular to each other
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Q. What is the relationship between the electric field vector and the direction of propagation in linearly polarized light?
A.
They are perpendicular
B.
They are parallel
C.
They are at 45 degrees
D.
They are randomly oriented
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Solution
In linearly polarized light, the electric field vector is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
Correct Answer: A — They are perpendicular
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Q. What type of light is completely polarized?
A.
Unpolarized light
B.
Partially polarized light
C.
Linearly polarized light
D.
Circularly polarized light
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Solution
Linearly polarized light consists of waves that oscillate in a single plane, making it completely polarized.
Correct Answer: C — Linearly polarized light
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Q. What type of light is produced by a laser?
A.
Unpolarized light
B.
Partially polarized light
C.
Completely polarized light
D.
Diffused light
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Solution
Lasers emit light that is completely polarized because the light waves are emitted in a single direction and phase.
Correct Answer: C — Completely polarized light
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Q. When unpolarized light passes through a polarizer, what happens to its intensity?
A.
It doubles
B.
It remains the same
C.
It is halved
D.
It is reduced to zero
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Solution
When unpolarized light passes through a polarizer, its intensity is reduced to half of its original value.
Correct Answer: C — It is halved
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Q. Which of the following describes circular polarization?
A.
Waves oscillate in a straight line
B.
Waves oscillate in a plane at a constant angle
C.
Waves rotate in a circular motion as they propagate
D.
Waves are randomly oriented
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Solution
In circular polarization, the electric field vector rotates in a circular motion as the wave propagates.
Correct Answer: C — Waves rotate in a circular motion as they propagate
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Q. Which of the following describes the polarization of light?
A.
Light waves oscillate in all directions
B.
Light waves oscillate in a single plane
C.
Light waves oscillate in a circular motion
D.
Light waves do not oscillate
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Solution
Polarization of light refers to the phenomenon where light waves oscillate in a single plane.
Correct Answer: B — Light waves oscillate in a single plane
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of linearly polarized light?
A.
It vibrates in all directions
B.
It vibrates in a single plane
C.
It has a constant frequency
D.
It travels faster than unpolarized light
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Solution
Linearly polarized light vibrates in a single plane, as opposed to unpolarized light which vibrates in multiple planes.
Correct Answer: B — It vibrates in a single plane
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a method of producing polarized light?
A.
Reflection
B.
Refraction
C.
Scattering
D.
Diffraction
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Solution
Diffraction does not produce polarized light; it is a phenomenon related to the bending of waves around obstacles.
Correct Answer: D — Diffraction
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Q. Which of the following materials can be used to polarize light?
A.
Glass
B.
Polaroid film
C.
Water
D.
Air
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Solution
Polaroid film is specifically designed to polarize light by allowing only light waves oscillating in a certain direction to pass through.
Correct Answer: B — Polaroid film
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Q. Which of the following materials is commonly used in polarizers?
A.
Glass
B.
Plastic
C.
Polaroid
D.
Water
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Solution
Polaroid is a material specifically designed to polarize light.
Correct Answer: C — Polaroid
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Q. Which of the following materials is known to exhibit polarization?
A.
Glass
B.
Water
C.
Air
D.
Vacuum
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Solution
Glass can exhibit polarization when light reflects off its surface.
Correct Answer: A — Glass
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Q. Which of the following statements about circularly polarized light is true?
A.
It has no preferred direction of oscillation
B.
It oscillates in a single plane
C.
It can be converted to linearly polarized light
D.
It is always produced by reflection
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Solution
Circularly polarized light has no preferred direction of oscillation; the electric field vector rotates in a circular motion.
Correct Answer: A — It has no preferred direction of oscillation
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Q. Which of the following statements about polarized light is true?
A.
It can pass through any material without obstruction
B.
It vibrates in multiple planes
C.
It vibrates in a single plane
D.
It has a higher speed than unpolarized light
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Solution
Polarized light vibrates in a single plane, unlike unpolarized light which vibrates in multiple planes.
Correct Answer: C — It vibrates in a single plane
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Q. Which phenomenon describes the splitting of light into two rays upon entering a birefringent material?
A.
Refraction
B.
Reflection
C.
Double refraction
D.
Diffraction
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Solution
The splitting of light into two rays in a birefringent material is known as double refraction.
Correct Answer: C — Double refraction
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