RMS Speeds
Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 300 m/s, what is the kinetic energy per molecule?
A.
0.5 * m * (300)^2
B.
0.5 * m * (150)^2
C.
0.5 * m * (600)^2
D.
0.5 * m * (100)^2
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Solution
The kinetic energy per molecule is given by KE = 0.5 * m * v^2. Substituting v = 300 m/s gives the correct expression.
Correct Answer: A — 0.5 * m * (300)^2
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 300 m/s, what is the RMS speed of the same gas at double the temperature?
A.
300 m/s
B.
600 m/s
C.
300√2 m/s
D.
600√2 m/s
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Solution
The RMS speed is proportional to the square root of the temperature. If the temperature is doubled, the RMS speed increases by a factor of sqrt(2). Therefore, the new RMS speed will be 300 * sqrt(2), which is approximately 600 m/s.
Correct Answer: B — 600 m/s
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 400 m/s and its molar mass is 16 g/mol, what is the temperature of the gas?
A.
200 K
B.
400 K
C.
800 K
D.
1600 K
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Solution
Using the formula v_rms = sqrt((3RT)/M), we can rearrange to find T: T = (M * v_rms^2) / (3R). Substituting M = 0.016 kg/mol and v_rms = 400 m/s gives T = 400 K.
Correct Answer: B — 400 K
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 400 m/s at 300 K, what will be the RMS speed at 600 K?
A.
400 m/s
B.
800 m/s
C.
400√2 m/s
D.
800√2 m/s
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Solution
The RMS speed increases with the square root of the temperature. Therefore, at 600 K, the RMS speed will be 400 * sqrt(2), which is approximately 800 m/s.
Correct Answer: B — 800 m/s
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 400 m/s, what is the kinetic energy per molecule at 300 K?
A.
0.5 mJ
B.
0.4 mJ
C.
0.2 mJ
D.
0.1 mJ
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Solution
Kinetic energy per molecule = (1/2)mv^2. Using v = 400 m/s and m = M/N_A, we find KE = 0.5 mJ.
Correct Answer: A — 0.5 mJ
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 400 m/s, what is the speed of the gas molecules in terms of average speed?
A.
400 m/s
B.
300 m/s
C.
500 m/s
D.
600 m/s
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Solution
The average speed is related to RMS speed by the relation v_avg = (2/3) * v_rms. Thus, v_avg = (2/3) * 400 = 267 m/s.
Correct Answer: B — 300 m/s
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 400 m/s, what is the speed of the molecules in terms of average speed?
A.
400 m/s
B.
300 m/s
C.
500 m/s
D.
600 m/s
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Solution
The average speed of gas molecules is approximately 0.8 times the RMS speed, so average speed = 0.8 * 400 m/s = 320 m/s.
Correct Answer: B — 300 m/s
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 500 m/s, what is the speed of the gas molecules at 1/2 of the RMS speed?
A.
250 m/s
B.
500 m/s
C.
1000 m/s
D.
125 m/s
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Solution
The speed at 1/2 of the RMS speed is simply 500 m/s / 2 = 250 m/s.
Correct Answer: A — 250 m/s
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 500 m/s, what is the speed of the gas molecules in terms of average speed?
A.
500 m/s
B.
250 m/s
C.
400 m/s
D.
600 m/s
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Solution
The average speed of gas molecules is related to the RMS speed by the relation v_avg = (v_rms * sqrt(8/3)). Therefore, the average speed is approximately 400 m/s.
Correct Answer: C — 400 m/s
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 500 m/s, what is the speed of the molecules in the gas?
A.
500 m/s
B.
250 m/s
C.
1000 m/s
D.
It varies
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Solution
The RMS speed is an average measure; individual molecular speeds will vary around this value.
Correct Answer: D — It varies
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Q. If the RMS speed of a gas is 500 m/s, what is the temperature if the molar mass is 0.028 kg/mol?
A.
200 K
B.
300 K
C.
400 K
D.
500 K
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Solution
Using v_rms = sqrt(3RT/M), we rearrange to find T = (v_rms^2 * M) / (3R). Plugging in values gives T approximately 300 K.
Correct Answer: B — 300 K
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is doubled, how does its RMS speed change?
A.
Increases by a factor of sqrt(2)
B.
Increases by a factor of 2
C.
Increases by a factor of 4
D.
Remains the same
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Solution
The RMS speed is proportional to the square root of the temperature. If the temperature is doubled, the RMS speed increases by a factor of sqrt(2).
Correct Answer: A — Increases by a factor of sqrt(2)
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is doubled, what happens to its RMS speed?
A.
Increases by a factor of sqrt(2)
B.
Increases by a factor of 2
C.
Increases by a factor of sqrt(3)
D.
Remains the same
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Solution
The RMS speed is proportional to the square root of the temperature. If the temperature is doubled, the RMS speed increases by a factor of sqrt(2).
Correct Answer: A — Increases by a factor of sqrt(2)
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is halved, what happens to its RMS speed?
A.
Increases by sqrt(2)
B.
Decreases by sqrt(2)
C.
Remains the same
D.
Decreases by 2
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Solution
RMS speed is directly proportional to the square root of temperature. Halving the temperature results in a decrease in RMS speed by sqrt(2).
Correct Answer: B — Decreases by sqrt(2)
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is increased from 200 K to 800 K, how does the RMS speed change?
A.
Increases by 2
B.
Increases by 4
C.
Increases by sqrt(4)
D.
Decreases by sqrt(4)
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Solution
RMS speed increases by sqrt(4) = 2, since v_rms is proportional to sqrt(T).
Correct Answer: C — Increases by sqrt(4)
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Q. If the temperature of a gas is increased from 300 K to 600 K, how does the RMS speed change?
A.
It doubles
B.
It increases by sqrt(2)
C.
It increases by sqrt(3)
D.
It remains the same
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Solution
RMS speed is proportional to the square root of temperature. Increasing from 300 K to 600 K increases the speed by sqrt(2).
Correct Answer: B — It increases by sqrt(2)
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Q. In a mixture of gases, how does the RMS speed depend on the individual gas components?
A.
It depends only on the lightest gas
B.
It is the weighted average of the RMS speeds of the components
C.
It is the sum of the RMS speeds of the components
D.
It is independent of the gas components
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Solution
The RMS speed of a mixture of gases is the weighted average of the RMS speeds of the individual components, taking into account their molar masses.
Correct Answer: B — It is the weighted average of the RMS speeds of the components
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Q. In a mixture of gases, how is the RMS speed of the mixture calculated?
A.
Using the average molar mass of the mixture
B.
Using the molar mass of the heaviest gas
C.
Using the molar mass of the lightest gas
D.
It cannot be calculated
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Solution
The RMS speed of a mixture of gases is calculated using the average molar mass of the mixture in the formula v_rms = sqrt((3RT)/M_avg).
Correct Answer: A — Using the average molar mass of the mixture
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Q. The RMS speed of a gas is 250 m/s. What is the kinetic energy per molecule of the gas?
A.
0.5 * m * (250)^2
B.
0.25 * m * (250)^2
C.
0.75 * m * (250)^2
D.
1.5 * m * (250)^2
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Solution
The kinetic energy per molecule is given by KE = (1/2) * m * v^2. Thus, KE = 0.5 * m * (250)^2.
Correct Answer: A — 0.5 * m * (250)^2
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Q. The RMS speed of a gas is 300 m/s. What is the speed of sound in the gas if the ratio of specific heats is 1.4?
A.
300 m/s
B.
400 m/s
C.
500 m/s
D.
600 m/s
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Solution
Speed of sound = sqrt(γRT/M) = sqrt(1.4 * (300^2)) = 400 m/s.
Correct Answer: B — 400 m/s
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Q. The RMS speed of a gas is 400 m/s. What is the speed of sound in the gas if the ratio of specific heats is 1.4?
A.
400 m/s
B.
560 m/s
C.
700 m/s
D.
800 m/s
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Solution
The speed of sound in a gas is given by c = sqrt(γRT/M). For an ideal gas, c is approximately 1.4 times the RMS speed.
Correct Answer: B — 560 m/s
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Q. What is the effect of increasing the number of gas molecules on the RMS speed?
A.
Increases RMS speed
B.
Decreases RMS speed
C.
No effect on RMS speed
D.
Depends on the type of gas
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Solution
The RMS speed is independent of the number of gas molecules; it depends only on temperature and molar mass.
Correct Answer: C — No effect on RMS speed
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Q. What is the effect of increasing the pressure of a gas at constant temperature on its RMS speed?
A.
Increases RMS speed
B.
Decreases RMS speed
C.
No effect on RMS speed
D.
Depends on the gas
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Solution
At constant temperature, increasing pressure does not affect the RMS speed, as it is dependent on temperature and molar mass.
Correct Answer: C — No effect on RMS speed
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Q. What is the effect of increasing the pressure of a gas at constant volume on its RMS speed?
A.
Increases RMS speed
B.
Decreases RMS speed
C.
No effect on RMS speed
D.
Depends on the gas
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Solution
At constant volume, increasing pressure increases the temperature of the gas, which in turn increases the RMS speed.
Correct Answer: A — Increases RMS speed
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Q. What is the effect of increasing the temperature on the distribution of molecular speeds in a gas?
A.
The distribution becomes narrower
B.
The distribution becomes wider
C.
The distribution remains unchanged
D.
The average speed decreases
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Solution
Increasing the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules, resulting in a wider distribution of molecular speeds.
Correct Answer: B — The distribution becomes wider
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Q. What is the effect of increasing the temperature on the RMS speed of a gas?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Depends on pressure
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Solution
Increasing the temperature increases the RMS speed, as v_rms is proportional to the square root of temperature.
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. What is the relationship between RMS speed and kinetic energy of gas molecules?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
No relationship
D.
Depends on the gas
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Solution
The kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the square of the RMS speed, as KE = (1/2)mv_rms^2.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between RMS speed and molecular weight?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
No relation
D.
Exponential relation
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Solution
RMS speed is inversely proportional to the square root of molecular weight.
Correct Answer: B — Inversely proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between the average speed and RMS speed of a gas?
A.
RMS speed is always greater than average speed
B.
RMS speed is always less than average speed
C.
RMS speed equals average speed
D.
RMS speed is independent of average speed
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Solution
For an ideal gas, the RMS speed is always greater than the average speed due to the squaring of velocities in the RMS calculation.
Correct Answer: A — RMS speed is always greater than average speed
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Q. What is the relationship between the average speed and RMS speed of gas molecules?
A.
RMS speed is always greater than average speed
B.
RMS speed is always less than average speed
C.
RMS speed equals average speed
D.
RMS speed is independent of average speed
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Solution
For an ideal gas, the RMS speed is always greater than the average speed due to the nature of the distribution of molecular speeds.
Correct Answer: A — RMS speed is always greater than average speed
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