Q. The 'Chipko Movement' in India is primarily associated with which of the following? (1973)
A.Water conservation
B.Forest conservation
C.Soil conservation
D.Wildlife conservation
Solution
The Chipko Movement, which began in the 1970s, is primarily associated with forest conservation, where villagers embraced trees to prevent them from being cut down.
Q. The 'Green Revolution' in India aimed at increasing agricultural production but also raised concerns about which of the following? (1960)
A.Soil degradation
B.Water scarcity
C.Biodiversity loss
D.All of the above
Solution
The Green Revolution aimed to increase agricultural production but raised concerns about soil degradation, water scarcity, and biodiversity loss due to intensive farming practices.
Q. The concept of 'Sustainable Development' in the context of conservation was popularized by which report? (1987)
A.Brundtland Report
B.Rio Declaration
C.Kyoto Protocol
D.Paris Agreement
Solution
The Brundtland Report, published in 1987, popularized the concept of 'Sustainable Development', emphasizing the need for conservation while meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations.
Q. The establishment of national parks in the United States was significantly influenced by which of the following events?
A.The Great Depression
B.The Industrial Revolution
C.The establishment of Yellowstone National Park
D.The Civil Rights Movement
Solution
The establishment of Yellowstone National Park in 1872 marked the beginning of the national park movement in the United States, influencing conservation efforts worldwide.
Correct Answer: C — The establishment of Yellowstone National Park
Q. What was the primary purpose of the Forest Conservation Act of 1980 in India? (1980)
A.To promote industrialization in forest areas
B.To regulate the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes
C.To increase timber production
D.To enhance wildlife conservation
Solution
The Forest Conservation Act of 1980 was enacted to regulate the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes, thereby ensuring the protection and conservation of forests in India.
Correct Answer: B — To regulate the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes
Q. Which ancient civilization is known for its advanced water conservation techniques, including the construction of stepwells?
A.Indus Valley Civilization
B.Mesopotamian Civilization
C.Ancient Egyptian Civilization
D.Mesoamerican Civilization
Solution
The Indus Valley Civilization is renowned for its sophisticated water conservation techniques, including the construction of stepwells and drainage systems.
Q. Which ancient text is known for its detailed instructions on the management of forests and wildlife in India?
A.Arthashastra
B.Manusmriti
C.Rigveda
D.Mahabharata
Solution
The Arthashastra, attributed to Kautilya, contains detailed instructions on the management of forests and wildlife, highlighting the importance of conservation in ancient India.
Q. Which international agreement focuses on the conservation of biological diversity? (1992)
A.Montreal Protocol
B.Convention on Biological Diversity
C.Ramsar Convention
D.CITES
Solution
The Convention on Biological Diversity, established in 1992, focuses on the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.
Correct Answer: B — Convention on Biological Diversity
