Q. In which year did Karl Marx publish 'The Communist Manifesto', a foundational text for modern socialist movements?
A.
A. 1848
B.
B. 1867
C.
C. 1871
D.
D. 1883
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Solution
'The Communist Manifesto' was published in 1848, outlining the principles of Marxism and advocating for class struggle.
Correct Answer: A — A. 1848
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Q. The concept of 'Nirvana' in Buddhism primarily refers to which of the following?
A.
A. A state of eternal bliss
B.
B. The cessation of suffering
C.
C. A form of enlightenment
D.
D. A philosophical doctrine
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Solution
'Nirvana' signifies the cessation of suffering and the end of the cycle of rebirth in Buddhism.
Correct Answer: B — B. The cessation of suffering
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Q. The philosophical concept of 'Utilitarianism' is primarily associated with which of the following thinkers?
A.
A. John Stuart Mill
B.
B. Immanuel Kant
C.
C. Friedrich Nietzsche
D.
D. David Hume
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Solution
Utilitarianism is most closely associated with John Stuart Mill, who expanded on Jeremy Bentham's ideas about maximizing happiness.
Correct Answer: A — A. John Stuart Mill
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Q. The philosophical idea of 'Allegory of the Cave' is presented in which of Plato's works?
A.
A. The Republic
B.
B. Phaedrus
C.
C. Symposium
D.
D. Timaeus
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Solution
The 'Allegory of the Cave' is found in 'The Republic', illustrating the difference between the world of appearances and the world of reality.
Correct Answer: A — A. The Republic
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Q. The philosophical idea of 'Tabula Rasa' suggests that individuals are born as:
A.
A. Blank slates
B.
B. Innately good
C.
C. Sinful beings
D.
D. Rational creatures
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Solution
'Tabula Rasa' is the theory that individuals are born as blank slates, with knowledge and personality shaped by experience.
Correct Answer: A — A. Blank slates
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Q. Which ancient Greek philosopher is known for his method of questioning to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas?
A.
A. Plato
B.
B. Aristotle
C.
C. Socrates
D.
D. Epicurus
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Solution
Socrates is renowned for the Socratic method, which involves asking a series of questions to challenge assumptions.
Correct Answer: C — C. Socrates
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Q. Which of the following best describes the philosophical approach of Stoicism?
A.
A. Pursuit of pleasure
B.
B. Acceptance of fate
C.
C. Emphasis on reason
D.
D. Both B and C
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Solution
Stoicism teaches acceptance of fate and emphasizes the use of reason to navigate life's challenges.
Correct Answer: D — D. Both B and C
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Q. Which of the following movements is associated with the idea of 'Social Contract' as a basis for political legitimacy?
A.
A. Enlightenment
B.
B. Romanticism
C.
C. Realism
D.
D. Modernism
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Solution
The Enlightenment period is closely associated with the concept of the 'Social Contract', particularly in the works of philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau.
Correct Answer: A — A. Enlightenment
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Q. Which of the following philosophies emphasizes the importance of individual experience and personal interpretation of truth?
A.
A. Rationalism
B.
B. Empiricism
C.
C. Existentialism
D.
D. Utilitarianism
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Solution
Existentialism focuses on individual experience and the subjective interpretation of existence and truth.
Correct Answer: C — C. Existentialism
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Q. Which philosophical doctrine argues that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome?
A.
A. Deontology
B.
B. Virtue Ethics
C.
C. Consequentialism
D.
D. Hedonism
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Solution
Consequentialism posits that the morality of an action is judged solely by its outcomes or consequences.
Correct Answer: C — C. Consequentialism
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