Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect a fluid to have lower viscosity?
A.
At lower temperatures
B.
At higher temperatures
C.
Under high pressure
D.
In a narrow pipe
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Solution
Fluids generally have lower viscosity at higher temperatures.
Correct Answer: B — At higher temperatures
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect a fluid to have the lowest viscosity?
A.
High temperature
B.
Low temperature
C.
High pressure
D.
Low pressure
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Solution
A fluid typically has the lowest viscosity at high temperatures.
Correct Answer: A — High temperature
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect a liquid to have the highest viscosity?
A.
At high temperatures
B.
At low temperatures
C.
When mixed with gases
D.
When agitated
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Solution
Viscosity generally decreases with increasing temperature, so a liquid would have the highest viscosity at low temperatures.
Correct Answer: B — At low temperatures
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect to observe a decrease in viscosity?
A.
Cooling a liquid
B.
Heating a liquid
C.
Increasing pressure
D.
Adding a solute
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Solution
Heating a liquid generally decreases its viscosity, allowing it to flow more freely.
Correct Answer: B — Heating a liquid
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Q. In which of the following scenarios would you expect to see the effects of viscosity most prominently?
A.
A river flowing rapidly
B.
Oil pouring from a bottle
C.
Air moving around a plane
D.
Water boiling
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Solution
The effects of viscosity are most prominently observed when oil pours from a bottle, as it flows slowly due to its higher viscosity.
Correct Answer: B — Oil pouring from a bottle
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Q. In which of the following species does the molecular orbital configuration show a paramagnetic behavior?
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Solution
O2 has unpaired electrons in its molecular orbital configuration, making it paramagnetic.
Correct Answer: B — O2
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Q. In which of the following states does a liquid exhibit the highest density?
A.
At low temperatures
B.
At high temperatures
C.
At critical temperature
D.
At boiling point
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Solution
Liquids generally exhibit the highest density at low temperatures.
Correct Answer: A — At low temperatures
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Q. In which of the following states of matter do particles have the least freedom of movement?
A.
Solid
B.
Liquid
C.
Gas
D.
Plasma
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Solution
In solids, particles are closely packed and have limited movement.
Correct Answer: A — Solid
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Q. In which process does a gas do work on its surroundings?
A.
Isothermal expansion
B.
Adiabatic compression
C.
Isochoric process
D.
Isobaric process
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Solution
In isothermal expansion, a gas does work on its surroundings as it expands.
Correct Answer: A — Isothermal expansion
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Q. In which process does heat transfer occur due to the movement of fluid?
A.
Conduction
B.
Convection
C.
Radiation
D.
Insulation
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Solution
Convection is the process of heat transfer that occurs due to the movement of fluid, where warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise and cooler areas sink.
Correct Answer: B — Convection
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Q. In which process does heat transfer occur without any physical movement of the material?
A.
Conduction
B.
Convection
C.
Radiation
D.
All of the above
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Solution
Conduction is the process where heat is transferred through a material without any movement of the material itself.
Correct Answer: A — Conduction
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Q. In which process does the entropy of the system decrease?
A.
Freezing of water
B.
Evaporation of water
C.
Sublimation of dry ice
D.
Dissolving salt in water
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Solution
The freezing of water results in a decrease in the entropy of the system as it transitions from liquid to solid.
Correct Answer: A — Freezing of water
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Q. In which scenario does heat transfer occur through both conduction and convection?
A.
A hot cup of coffee cooling down
B.
A metal rod heated at one end
C.
A warm room losing heat to the outside
D.
A block of ice melting
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Solution
A hot cup of coffee cooling down involves conduction (heat transfer from coffee to cup) and convection (heat transfer from cup to air).
Correct Answer: A — A hot cup of coffee cooling down
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Q. In which scenario is light most likely to be polarized?
A.
When it passes through a prism
B.
When it reflects off a lake
C.
When it travels through air
D.
When it passes through a lens
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Solution
Light is most likely to be polarized when it reflects off a surface, such as a lake.
Correct Answer: B — When it reflects off a lake
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Q. In which scenario would the frictional force be at its maximum?
A.
When an object is at rest
B.
When an object is sliding
C.
When an object is rolling
D.
When an object is in free fall
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Solution
The maximum frictional force occurs when an object is at rest, just before it starts to slide, which is characterized by static friction.
Correct Answer: A — When an object is at rest
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Q. In which scenario would the frictional force be zero?
A.
A block sliding down a frictionless ramp.
B.
A block at rest on a flat surface.
C.
A block moving on a rough surface.
D.
A block in free fall.
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Solution
Frictional force is zero when there is no contact force opposing the motion, such as a block sliding down a frictionless ramp.
Correct Answer: A — A block sliding down a frictionless ramp.
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Q. In which scenario would the Gibbs Free Energy of a system be at its minimum?
A.
At equilibrium
B.
At the start of a reaction
C.
At maximum temperature
D.
At maximum pressure
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Solution
The Gibbs Free Energy of a system is at its minimum at equilibrium, indicating stability.
Correct Answer: A — At equilibrium
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Q. In which scenario would total internal reflection NOT occur?
A.
Light traveling from glass to air at a steep angle.
B.
Light traveling from water to air at a shallow angle.
C.
Light traveling from diamond to air at a high angle.
D.
Light traveling from air to water at any angle.
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Solution
Total internal reflection cannot occur when light travels from a rarer medium (air) to a denser medium (water) at any angle, as it will always refract.
Correct Answer: D — Light traveling from air to water at any angle.
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Q. In which scenario would ΔG = 0?
A.
At the start of a reaction.
B.
At equilibrium.
C.
When the reaction is spontaneous.
D.
When the reaction is non-spontaneous.
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Solution
ΔG = 0 occurs at equilibrium, where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
Correct Answer: B — At equilibrium.
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Q. In which scenario would ΔG be equal to ΔH?
A.
At absolute zero.
B.
When ΔS = 0.
C.
For a spontaneous reaction.
D.
For an endothermic reaction.
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Solution
ΔG equals ΔH when the entropy change (ΔS) is zero, indicating no change in disorder.
Correct Answer: B — When ΔS = 0.
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Q. In which scenario would ΔG be zero?
A.
At standard conditions
B.
At equilibrium
C.
In a spontaneous reaction
D.
In a non-spontaneous reaction
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Solution
ΔG is zero at equilibrium, indicating no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products.
Correct Answer: B — At equilibrium
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Q. In which state of matter do molecules have the least freedom of movement?
A.
Solid
B.
Liquid
C.
Gas
D.
Plasma
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Solution
In solids, molecules are closely packed and have the least freedom of movement.
Correct Answer: A — Solid
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Q. In which state of matter do particles have the highest kinetic energy?
A.
Solid
B.
Liquid
C.
Gas
D.
Plasma
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Solution
Plasma has the highest kinetic energy as the particles are highly energized and ionized.
Correct Answer: D — Plasma
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Q. In which type of reaction is the change in enthalpy equal to the heat absorbed or released at constant pressure?
A.
Endothermic reaction
B.
Exothermic reaction
C.
Isothermal reaction
D.
Adiabatic reaction
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Solution
In an endothermic reaction, the change in enthalpy is equal to the heat absorbed at constant pressure.
Correct Answer: A — Endothermic reaction
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Q. In Young's double-slit experiment, if the distance between the slits is 0.2 mm and the distance from the slits to the screen is 1 m, what is the distance between the first and second bright fringes?
A.
0.1 mm
B.
0.2 mm
C.
0.4 mm
D.
0.6 mm
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Solution
Distance between fringes (y) = (λD)/d. Assuming λ = 500 nm, y = (500 x 10^-9 * 1)/(0.2 x 10^-3) = 0.0025 m = 0.25 mm. Distance between first and second bright fringes = 0.4 mm.
Correct Answer: C — 0.4 mm
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Q. In Young's double-slit experiment, if the distance between the slits is 0.2 mm and the distance to the screen is 1 m, what is the fringe width if the wavelength of light used is 500 nm?
A.
0.1 mm
B.
0.2 mm
C.
0.5 mm
D.
0.8 mm
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Solution
Fringe width (β) = λD/d. Here, D = 1 m, d = 0.2 mm = 0.0002 m, λ = 500 nm = 500 x 10^-9 m. β = (500 x 10^-9 * 1) / 0.0002 = 0.0025 m = 0.25 mm.
Correct Answer: A — 0.1 mm
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Q. In Young's double-slit experiment, if the distance between the slits is doubled while keeping the wavelength constant, what happens to the fringe width?
A.
It doubles
B.
It halves
C.
It remains the same
D.
It quadruples
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Solution
Fringe width (β) is given by β = λD/d, where D is the distance to the screen and d is the distance between the slits. If d is doubled, β halves.
Correct Answer: B — It halves
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Q. In Young's double-slit experiment, if the distance between the slits is doubled, what happens to the fringe width?
A.
It doubles
B.
It halves
C.
It remains the same
D.
It quadruples
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Solution
Fringe width is given by β = λD/d. If d (distance between slits) is doubled, the fringe width β will halve.
Correct Answer: B — It halves
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Q. Is the function f(x) = x^2 - 2x + 1 differentiable at x = 1?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only from the left
D.
Only from the right
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Solution
f(x) is a polynomial function, which is differentiable everywhere, including at x = 1.
Correct Answer: A — Yes
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Q. Is the function f(x) = x^2 - 4x + 4 differentiable at x = 2?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only from the left
D.
Only from the right
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Solution
The function is a polynomial and is differentiable everywhere, hence yes.
Correct Answer: A — Yes
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