Cyclobutane is a cyclic compound, while the others are linear alkenes or alkanes.

Methane (CH4) is a gas at room temperature, while the others are liquids.

Hydrogen gas (H2) is commonly used as a reducing agent in various chemical reactions.

Si4+ has the smallest ionic radius due to its high positive charge, which pulls the electrons closer.

Cu2+ ions are colored in solution due to d-d transitions.

Co2+ ions typically impart a green color to solutions due to d-d transitions.

Cl- ions will react with Ag+ ions from AgNO3 to form AgCl, which is insoluble in water and will precipitate out.

The presence of SO4^2- ions will react with Ba2+ ions to form insoluble BaSO4, causing precipitation.

Cl- ions will react with Ag+ ions to form the insoluble salt AgCl, causing precipitation.

NH4+ is the conjugate acid of a weak base (NH3) and will increase the acidity of the solution.

EDTA is a bidentate ligand because it can form two bonds with a metal ion due to its two donor atoms.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer derived from renewable resources.

Isopentane is a branched alkane, while the others are straight-chain alkanes.

2-Methylbutane is a branched-chain alkane derived from butane.

Glucose is a simple sugar and a primary carbohydrate.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes are characterized by their ring structure.

+M effect is characterized by electron donation through resonance, enhancing stability.

Bases typically have a bitter taste and turn litmus paper blue.

A black body is defined as an idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation, regardless of frequency or angle of incidence.

A buffer solution is designed to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

A catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction, thereby increasing the rate.

Crystalline solids have a definite melting point due to their ordered structure.

In a first-order reaction, the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant.

A fuel cell converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy without combustion.

A liquid in a closed container has a fixed volume but can exert pressure.

In equilibrium, a liquid maintains constant density, temperature, and pressure.

A Newtonian fluid has a constant viscosity regardless of the shear rate applied.

Non-Newtonian fluids exhibit a change in viscosity with varying shear rates, unlike Newtonian fluids which have a constant viscosity.

A polar orbiting satellite passes over the poles, allowing it to cover the entire surface of the Earth over time.