Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction states that the rate of heat transfer through a material is proportional to the temperature gradient.

The Law of Conservation of Energy states that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant.

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

Hess's Law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the same, regardless of the number of steps taken.

Hess's Law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the same, regardless of the number of steps in the reaction.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.

Dalton's Law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its components.

Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure.

The quaternary structure of a protein refers to the arrangement and interaction of multiple polypeptide chains.

The tertiary structure of a protein refers to the overall 3D shape of a single polypeptide chain, determined by interactions among side chains.

The NAND gate is equivalent to an AND gate followed by a NOT gate, as it inverts the output of the AND gate.

The symbol '⊕' represents the XOR gate.

The NOR gate outputs true (1) only when all inputs are false (0).

The AND gate outputs true only when all its inputs are true.

The AND gate outputs true only when all its inputs are true.

The NOR gate outputs true only when both inputs are false.

Rubber has a much higher resistivity compared to metals like copper, aluminum, and iron.

Silver has the lowest resistivity among common materials.

All of these measures are affected by extreme values in the data set.

Interquartile Range is not affected by extreme values.

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is widely used in digital communication systems due to its efficiency in transmitting data.

Frequency Modulation (FM) is the standard technique used in FM radio broadcasting due to its resistance to noise.

Frequency Modulation (FM) is commonly used in television broadcasting due to its better noise immunity.

Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a modulation technique used to transmit digital data over an analog channel.

Amplitude Modulation (AM) varies the amplitude of the carrier signal.

In CO2, the carbon atom is sp hybridized as it forms two double bonds with oxygen.

O3 (ozone) has a bent shape due to the presence of a lone pair on the central oxygen atom.

PCl5 has phosphorus in the center, which is dsp3 hybridized, leading to a trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

In CO2, the carbon atom is sp hybridized, forming two double bonds with oxygen.

XeF4 has four bonding pairs and two lone pairs, leading to a square planar geometry.