A liquid in a closed container has a fixed volume but can exert pressure.

In equilibrium, a liquid maintains constant density, temperature, and pressure.

Redox reactions are characterized by the transfer of electrons between species.

A solution has a uniform composition throughout.

A strong acid completely ionizes in solution.

Supercooled liquids can exist below their freezing point without solidifying.

Adsorption isotherms describe the relationship between the amount of adsorbate and pressure at constant temperature.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning they contain only single bonds.

Amorphous solids have short-range order but lack long-range order.

An endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings.

An exothermic reaction releases heat to the surroundings.

An ideal gas is characterized by elastic collisions between gas particles.

Aromatic compounds follow Huckel's rule, which states that they must have (4n + 2) π electrons in a cyclic, planar structure.

Bases feel slippery and can turn litmus paper blue.

Carbohydrates are generally hydrophilic, meaning they are soluble in water.

Cellulose is composed of glucose units linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds and is not soluble in water.

Chemisorption is characterized by its specificity to adsorbate due to the formation of chemical bonds.

Cis-trans isomers have the same connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of groups around a double bond.

Cycloalkanes have a ring structure and can be saturated or unsaturated.

Enzymes are highly specific to their substrates, allowing them to catalyze specific biochemical reactions.

Fibrous proteins are typically insoluble in water and serve structural roles in cells and tissues.

Geometric isomers have the same connectivity of atoms but differ in their spatial arrangement.

Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen.

Hydrogen bonds occur between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.

Hydrogen gas is colorless and highly flammable.

Ionic compounds typically have high melting points due to strong electrostatic forces between ions.

Lipids are characterized by their insolubility in water due to their hydrophobic nature.

Noble gases have a complete valence shell, making them largely unreactive.

Non-Newtonian fluids exhibit a change in viscosity with the rate of shear applied.

Optical isomers, or enantiomers, rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.