All vascular plants, including angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes, exhibit alternation of generations with both gametophyte and sporophyte stages.

All of these plant groups exhibit alternation of generations, which includes both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) phases.

Liverworts are characterized by having a thallus, which is a flat, leaf-like structure.

Angiosperms are characterized by having seeds enclosed within a fruit, which is a key feature of this group.

Parenchyma tissue is primarily involved in storage, as it can store starch, oils, and water.

Meristematic tissue is responsible for the growth in length of stems and roots through cell division.

Apical meristem is responsible for the primary growth in length of the plant.

Apical meristem is responsible for the growth in length of the plant, found at the tips of roots and shoots.

Natural rubber is formed by the polymerization of isoprene.

Nylon is a condensation polymer formed from the reaction of diamines and dicarboxylic acids.

Rubber is classified as an elastomer, which is a type of polymer that exhibits elastic properties.

A condensation reaction occurs when two monosaccharides combine to form a disaccharide, releasing water.

Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to an alkene to convert it into an alkane.

The conversion of an alkene to an alkane is called hydrogenation, where hydrogen is added across the double bond.

The reaction between 1-bromopropane and sodium cyanide is a nucleophilic substitution reaction, resulting in the formation of propanenitrile.

The reaction of 1-bromopropane with sodium ethoxide is a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the ethoxide ion replaces the bromine atom.

When 1-chlorobutane is treated with aqueous KOH, a nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs, resulting in the formation of butanol.

The reaction of 1-chloropropane with aqueous KOH leads to an elimination reaction, forming propene.

The reaction between 1-chloropropane and potassium cyanide is a nucleophilic substitution reaction, resulting in the formation of propanenitrile.

The reaction is a nucleophilic substitution (S_N2) where iodide ion replaces the chlorine atom.

The reaction of 2-bromopropane with aqueous KOH leads to an elimination reaction, forming propene.

Oxidation of alcohols involves the loss of hydrogen or the gain of oxygen, leading to the formation of aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids.

The reaction of an alkene with hydrogen is called hydrogenation.

The reaction of chlorobenzene with magnesium in dry ether forms a Grignard reagent, which is a key step in organic synthesis.

The conversion of ethene to ethane involves the addition of hydrogen, which is known as hydrogenation.

The reaction between ethene and bromine is an addition reaction, forming dibromoethane.

Haloalkanes react with aqueous KOH primarily through nucleophilic substitution to form alcohols.

The reaction of haloalkanes with metals like magnesium leads to Grignard formation, which is a key step in organic synthesis.

The reaction of haloalkanes with metals like zinc is a reduction reaction, forming alkanes.

Haloalkanes typically undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions where the halogen is replaced by a nucleophile.