The sarcomere is the basic functional unit of skeletal muscle, responsible for muscle contraction.

The aorta is the largest artery in the human body, carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Beryllium (Be) is the lightest alkaline earth metal.

Plasma is composed of approximately 90% water, with proteins, electrolytes, and nutrients making up the remaining 10%.

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of its elemental mass.

Protium, which has no neutrons, is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen, making up about 99.98% of hydrogen found in nature.

P2O5 (phosphorus pentoxide) is the most acidic oxide among the given options.

Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table.

Rubidium (Rb) is the most electropositive element among the given options.

Potassium (K) is more reactive than Sodium (Na) and Lithium (Li) due to its larger atomic size and lower ionization energy.

Lead commonly exhibits a +4 oxidation state, although +2 is also stable, +4 is more stable in many compounds.

The most stable oxidation state of nitrogen is +5, as seen in compounds like nitric acid.

In this reaction, MnO4⁻ is reduced to Mn²⁺, thus it acts as the oxidizing agent.

The biceps brachii is the primary muscle responsible for flexing the elbow joint.

The deltoid muscle is the primary muscle responsible for the abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.

Ethylene (C2H4) is the simplest alkene, containing a double bond between two carbon atoms.

Methanoic acid (HCOOH) is the simplest carboxylic acid, containing only one carbon atom.

Dimethyl ether (CH3-O-CH3) is the simplest ether, consisting of two methyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom.

Brittle materials fracture without significant plastic deformation.

Exothermic reactions release heat to the surroundings, resulting in a negative change in enthalpy (ΔH < 0).

The adsorption of gases on solids is typically an exothermic process, as energy is released when the gas molecules adhere to the surface.

Modern classification is based on evolutionary relationships, including genetic information.

Shear modulus (G) measures the material's response to shear stress, indicating how it deforms under such stress.

Vanillin is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean and is widely used as a flavoring agent in food.

Doping is the process used to create a p-n junction by adding impurities to a semiconductor.

Uranium-238 is commonly used as fuel in nuclear reactors due to its ability to undergo fission.

The kingdom Plantae includes multicellular organisms that are autotrophic.

The kingdom Plantae includes organisms that are primarily autotrophic, meaning they produce their own food through photosynthesis.

The kingdom Protista includes organisms that can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic.

The kingdom Protista includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms.