Adding a non-volatile solute increases the boiling point due to boiling point elevation.

Adding a non-volatile solute decreases the vapor pressure of the solvent due to the solute particles occupying space at the surface.

Heavy metals can be toxic to organisms, leading to bioaccumulation and harmful effects on ecosystems.

Increasing pressure shifts the equilibrium towards the side with fewer moles of gas. In this case, it shifts to the right, producing more NH3.

Increasing temperature generally increases the conductivity of an electrolyte solution due to increased ion mobility.

Increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of particles, leading to potential phase change.

Increasing the concentration of reactants generally increases the rate of reaction due to more frequent collisions.

As the size of the halogen atom increases, the bond length increases, leading to a decrease in bond strength.

Increasing the size of the halogen decreases the bond strength, thus increasing the reactivity of haloalkanes in nucleophilic substitution.

For an endothermic reaction, increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right, thus increasing the value of Kc.

For most solid solutes, solubility in liquids increases with temperature due to increased kinetic energy of the molecules.

The density of a crystalline solid is calculated using the formula Density = mass/volume.

In a face-centered cubic unit cell, there are 4 atoms (1/8 from each of the 8 corners and 1/2 from each of the 6 faces).

The correct formula is moles = mass / molar mass.

The formula for calculating the number of moles is moles = mass / molar mass.

Number of moles = Molarity x Volume (in liters).

Freezing point depression = i * Kf * m = 2 * 1.86 * 1 = 3.72 °C (i = 2 for NaCl).

Freezing point depression = Kf * m = 1.86 °C kg/mol * 1 mol/kg = 1.86 °C.

Freezing point depression = i * Kf * m = 3 * 1.86 * 3 = 5.58 °C (i = 2 for KCl).

The general electronic configuration of alkali metals is ns^1, where n is the principal quantum number.

The general formula for aldehydes is C_nH_(2n+1)CHO, where n is the number of carbon atoms.

The nitrogen atom in amines is sp3 hybridized, as it forms three sigma bonds and has one lone pair.

The IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-CH2-CHO is Butanal, as it has a four-carbon chain with an aldehyde functional group.

The IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH is Butanoic acid, as it has four carbon atoms.

CH3CH2COOH is propanoic acid, which has a three-carbon chain with a carboxylic acid functional group.

The IUPAC name of C3H6O2 is Propanoic acid, which has a three-carbon chain.

Molecular solids generally have low melting points due to weak intermolecular forces.

Amorphous solids lack long-range order, which distinguishes them from crystalline solids.

Syngas primarily consists of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, used in various chemical processes.

Plastic waste poses multiple environmental concerns, including air pollution from incineration, soil degradation, and water contamination.