Aldehydes contain the functional group -CHO, which is characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom.

P2O5 is the most acidic oxide among the given options, as it forms phosphoric acid in water.

Formic acid (HCOOH) is the strongest carboxylic acid among the given options due to the presence of a hydrogen atom directly attached to the carbonyl carbon, which increases its acidity.

CN- is a strong field ligand that causes a large splitting of d-orbitals, leading to low-spin complexes.

Dialysis is used to purify colloidal solutions by allowing the solvent and small solutes to pass through a semi-permeable membrane while retaining the colloidal particles.

Water (H2O) has a polar covalent bond due to the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen.

Water (H2O) has a polar covalent bond due to the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen.

Neodymium (Nd) and Plutonium (Pu) are both f-block elements.

Lanthanum (La) and Cerium (Ce) are both f-block elements, belonging to the lanthanide series.

The mass of an electron is significantly less than that of protons and neutrons.

The electron has the least mass compared to protons and neutrons.

Condensation is the process where gas changes to liquid.

Free expansion is an irreversible process as it occurs without any external pressure acting on the gas.

An isochoric process is one that occurs at constant volume.

The azimuthal quantum number (l) describes the shape of an orbital.

H2O → H2 + O2 involves the oxidation of water to hydrogen and oxygen, making it a redox reaction.

Carbon (C) acts as a reducing agent as it donates electrons to reduce Fe2O3 to Fe.

Carbon (C) acts as a reducing agent as it donates electrons to reduce Fe2O3 to Fe.

Carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols due to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate base, making the statement 'They are less acidic than alcohols' incorrect.

Adsorption is a surface phenomenon as it occurs at the interface between phases.

Coordination compounds can exhibit optical isomerism due to the arrangement of ligands around the central metal ion.

Galvanic cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy spontaneously.

In an adiabatic process, there is no heat exchange with the surroundings, and the temperature of the system changes due to work done on or by the system.

In an isochoric process, the volume of the system remains constant.

The complex [Fe(CN)6]3- is a low-spin complex due to the strong field nature of CN- ligands, resulting in paired electrons.

Reduction is defined as the gain of electrons, and it always occurs simultaneously with oxidation in redox reactions.

The Freundlich adsorption isotherm describes heterogeneous adsorption on surfaces with varying affinities, making it suitable for real-world applications.

The Freundlich adsorption isotherm is applicable to heterogeneous surfaces and describes how adsorption varies with pressure or concentration, indicating that it is not limited to monolayer adsorption.

Solids have a definite shape due to closely packed particles that do not move freely.

Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.