Q. What does a negative ΔG indicate about a chemical reaction?
A.
The reaction is at equilibrium.
B.
The reaction is non-spontaneous.
C.
The reaction is spontaneous.
D.
The reaction requires energy input.
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Solution
A negative ΔG indicates that the reaction is spontaneous under the given conditions.
Correct Answer: C — The reaction is spontaneous.
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Q. What does a positive ΔG indicate about a reaction?
A.
The reaction is spontaneous.
B.
The reaction is non-spontaneous.
C.
The reaction is at equilibrium.
D.
The reaction releases energy.
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Solution
A positive ΔG indicates that the reaction is non-spontaneous.
Correct Answer: B — The reaction is non-spontaneous.
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Q. What does a positive ΔG indicate about the spontaneity of a reaction?
A.
The reaction is spontaneous.
B.
The reaction is non-spontaneous.
C.
The reaction is at equilibrium.
D.
The reaction is exothermic.
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Solution
A positive ΔG indicates that the reaction is non-spontaneous.
Correct Answer: B — The reaction is non-spontaneous.
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Q. What does a positive ΔS indicate about a system?
A.
The system is becoming more ordered.
B.
The system is becoming more disordered.
C.
The reaction is non-spontaneous.
D.
The reaction is at equilibrium.
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Solution
A positive ΔS indicates an increase in disorder or randomness in the system.
Correct Answer: B — The system is becoming more disordered.
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Q. What does a ΔG value of zero indicate about a reaction?
A.
The reaction is spontaneous.
B.
The reaction is at equilibrium.
C.
The reaction is non-spontaneous.
D.
The reaction is exothermic.
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Solution
A ΔG value of zero indicates that the reaction is at equilibrium, meaning the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
Correct Answer: B — The reaction is at equilibrium.
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Q. What effect does increasing temperature have on the Gibbs Free Energy of an endothermic reaction?
A.
ΔG increases.
B.
ΔG decreases.
C.
ΔG remains constant.
D.
ΔG becomes zero.
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Solution
For an endothermic reaction, increasing temperature generally decreases ΔG, making the reaction more favorable.
Correct Answer: B — ΔG decreases.
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Q. What is the effect of increasing temperature on a reaction with a negative ΔH and positive ΔS?
A.
It makes ΔG more negative.
B.
It makes ΔG less negative.
C.
It has no effect on ΔG.
D.
It makes ΔG positive.
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Solution
Increasing temperature will make ΔG more negative for a reaction with a negative ΔH and positive ΔS, enhancing spontaneity.
Correct Answer: A — It makes ΔG more negative.
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Q. What is the effect of increasing temperature on a reaction with ΔH > 0 and ΔS < 0?
A.
Increases spontaneity
B.
Decreases spontaneity
C.
No effect on spontaneity
D.
Makes it spontaneous at high temperatures
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Solution
For a reaction with ΔH > 0 and ΔS < 0, increasing temperature will make ΔG more positive, thus decreasing spontaneity.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases spontaneity
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Q. What is the Gibbs Free Energy change (ΔG) at equilibrium?
A.
ΔG < 0
B.
ΔG = 0
C.
ΔG > 0
D.
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
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Solution
At equilibrium, the Gibbs Free Energy change (ΔG) is zero, indicating that the system is at its lowest energy state.
Correct Answer: B — ΔG = 0
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Q. What is the relationship between Gibbs Free Energy and spontaneity?
A.
ΔG < 0 indicates non-spontaneous reactions.
B.
ΔG = 0 indicates spontaneous reactions.
C.
ΔG > 0 indicates spontaneous reactions.
D.
ΔG < 0 indicates spontaneous reactions.
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Solution
A negative ΔG (< 0) indicates that a reaction is spontaneous under the given conditions.
Correct Answer: D — ΔG < 0 indicates spontaneous reactions.
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Q. What is the relationship between Gibbs Free Energy and the equilibrium constant (K)?
A.
ΔG = -RT ln(K)
B.
ΔG = RT ln(K)
C.
ΔG = KRT
D.
ΔG = K - RT
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Solution
The relationship is given by ΔG = -RT ln(K), where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Correct Answer: A — ΔG = -RT ln(K)
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Q. What is the relationship between ΔG and equilibrium constant K?
A.
ΔG = -RT ln K
B.
ΔG = RT ln K
C.
ΔG = KRT
D.
ΔG = K/R
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Solution
The relationship is given by ΔG = -RT ln K, where R is the gas constant and T is temperature.
Correct Answer: A — ΔG = -RT ln K
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Q. What is the relationship between ΔG and the equilibrium constant (K)?
A.
ΔG = -RT ln(K)
B.
ΔG = RT ln(K)
C.
ΔG = KRT
D.
ΔG = K - RT
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Solution
The relationship is given by ΔG = -RT ln(K), where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Correct Answer: A — ΔG = -RT ln(K)
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Q. What is the significance of a negative ΔG in biochemical reactions?
A.
It indicates the reaction is reversible.
B.
It indicates the reaction is spontaneous.
C.
It indicates the reaction is at equilibrium.
D.
It indicates the reaction requires energy.
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Solution
A negative ΔG indicates that the biochemical reaction is spontaneous under the given conditions.
Correct Answer: B — It indicates the reaction is spontaneous.
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Q. What is the significance of the Gibbs Free Energy in chemical thermodynamics?
A.
It predicts the direction of a reaction.
B.
It measures the heat of reaction.
C.
It indicates the concentration of reactants.
D.
It determines the rate of reaction.
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Solution
Gibbs Free Energy is crucial for predicting the spontaneity and direction of a chemical reaction.
Correct Answer: A — It predicts the direction of a reaction.
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Q. What is the significance of the Gibbs Free Energy of formation (ΔGf°)?
A.
It indicates the stability of a compound.
B.
It is the energy required to form a compound from its elements.
C.
It is always negative.
D.
It is temperature dependent.
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Solution
ΔGf° indicates the energy change when a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states.
Correct Answer: B — It is the energy required to form a compound from its elements.
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Q. What is the standard Gibbs Free Energy change (ΔG°) for a reaction at standard conditions?
A.
Always zero
B.
Depends on the reaction
C.
Is a constant value
D.
Is always positive
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Solution
ΔG° depends on the specific reaction and its conditions.
Correct Answer: B — Depends on the reaction
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Q. Which factor does NOT affect the Gibbs Free Energy of a reaction?
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Concentration of reactants
D.
Nature of the solvent
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Solution
The nature of the solvent does not directly affect the Gibbs Free Energy of a reaction; it is primarily influenced by temperature, pressure, and concentration.
Correct Answer: D — Nature of the solvent
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Q. Which factor does NOT affect the Gibbs Free Energy of a system?
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Concentration of reactants
D.
Nature of the solvent
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Solution
While temperature, pressure, and concentration of reactants affect Gibbs Free Energy, the nature of the solvent does not directly affect ΔG.
Correct Answer: D — Nature of the solvent
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Q. Which of the following conditions will favor the spontaneity of a reaction?
A.
High ΔH and low ΔS
B.
Low ΔH and high ΔS
C.
High ΔH and high ΔS
D.
Low ΔH and low ΔS
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Solution
A reaction is favored when it has low ΔH (exothermic) and high ΔS (increased disorder).
Correct Answer: B — Low ΔH and high ΔS
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Q. Which of the following conditions will lead to a decrease in Gibbs Free Energy?
A.
Increasing temperature for an exothermic reaction.
B.
Decreasing entropy.
C.
Increasing pressure for a gas-phase reaction.
D.
Increasing ΔH.
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Solution
Increasing temperature for an exothermic reaction (ΔH < 0) can lead to a decrease in Gibbs Free Energy, making the reaction more spontaneous.
Correct Answer: A — Increasing temperature for an exothermic reaction.
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Q. Which of the following conditions will lead to a negative ΔG?
A.
High temperature and low ΔH
B.
Low temperature and high ΔH
C.
High temperature and high ΔS
D.
Low temperature and low ΔS
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Solution
A high temperature and high ΔS will favor a negative ΔG, making the process spontaneous.
Correct Answer: C — High temperature and high ΔS
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Q. Which of the following conditions will lead to a positive ΔG?
A.
High temperature and low entropy.
B.
Low temperature and high enthalpy.
C.
High temperature and high entropy.
D.
Low temperature and low enthalpy.
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Solution
A positive ΔG can occur at low temperatures when the enthalpy is high, making the reaction non-spontaneous.
Correct Answer: B — Low temperature and high enthalpy.
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Q. Which of the following conditions will lead to a spontaneous reaction?
A.
ΔH > 0 and ΔS < 0
B.
ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0
C.
ΔH > 0 and ΔS > 0
D.
ΔH < 0 and ΔS < 0
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Solution
A spontaneous reaction occurs when ΔG < 0. This is true for ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0, as it leads to a negative ΔG.
Correct Answer: B — ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0
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Q. Which of the following equations relates Gibbs Free Energy to enthalpy and entropy?
A.
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
B.
ΔG = TΔS - ΔH
C.
ΔG = ΔH + TΔS
D.
ΔG = ΔH / T + ΔS
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Solution
The correct relation is ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Correct Answer: A — ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
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Q. Which of the following expressions correctly relates ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS?
A.
ΔG = ΔH + TΔS
B.
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
C.
ΔG = TΔS - ΔH
D.
ΔG = ΔH + ΔS
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Solution
The correct relation is ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Correct Answer: B — ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect Gibbs Free Energy?
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Concentration of reactants
D.
Nature of the solvent
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Solution
The nature of the solvent does not directly affect Gibbs Free Energy; it is primarily influenced by temperature, pressure, and concentration.
Correct Answer: D — Nature of the solvent
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the Gibbs Free Energy of a system?
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Concentration of reactants
D.
Nature of the solvent
Show solution
Solution
While temperature, pressure, and concentration of reactants affect Gibbs Free Energy, the nature of the solvent does not directly affect ΔG.
Correct Answer: D — Nature of the solvent
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Q. Which of the following is a correct expression for Gibbs Free Energy?
A.
ΔG = ΔH + TΔS
B.
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
C.
ΔG = TΔS - ΔH
D.
ΔG = ΔS - ΔH
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Solution
The correct expression for Gibbs Free Energy is ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Correct Answer: B — ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
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Q. Which of the following is a correct unit for Gibbs Free Energy?
A.
Joules per mole (J/mol)
B.
Kilojoules (kJ)
C.
Calories (cal)
D.
All of the above
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Solution
Gibbs Free Energy can be expressed in various units, including Joules per mole, kilojoules, and calories.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
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