Properties of Matter
Q. What is the relationship between shear modulus and Young's modulus for isotropic materials?
A.
G = E/2(1 + ν)
B.
G = E(1 + ν)/2
C.
G = E/3
D.
G = 2E
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Solution
The shear modulus (G) is related to Young's modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio (ν) by the formula G = E/2(1 + ν).
Correct Answer: A — G = E/2(1 + ν)
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Q. What is the relationship between shear modulus and Young's modulus?
A.
They are equal
B.
Shear modulus is always greater
C.
Shear modulus is less than Young's modulus
D.
They are inversely proportional
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Solution
Shear modulus is generally less than Young's modulus for most materials.
Correct Answer: C — Shear modulus is less than Young's modulus
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Q. What is the relationship between shear rate and viscosity in a Newtonian fluid?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
No relationship
D.
Exponential relationship
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Solution
In a Newtonian fluid, shear stress is directly proportional to shear rate.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between shear stress and shear rate in a Newtonian fluid?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
Exponential
D.
No relationship
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Solution
In a Newtonian fluid, shear stress is directly proportional to shear rate, which defines its viscosity.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between shear stress and shear strain in a material?
A.
Shear modulus
B.
Bulk modulus
C.
Young's modulus
D.
Poisson's ratio
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Solution
The relationship between shear stress and shear strain is defined by the shear modulus.
Correct Answer: A — Shear modulus
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Q. What is the relationship between stress and strain in the elastic limit of a material?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
Exponential
D.
Logarithmic
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Solution
Within the elastic limit, stress is directly proportional to strain, as described by Hooke's Law.
Correct Answer: A — Directly proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between stress and strain in the elastic region of a material?
A.
Stress is directly proportional to strain
B.
Stress is inversely proportional to strain
C.
Stress is independent of strain
D.
Stress is proportional to the square of strain
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Solution
In the elastic region, stress is directly proportional to strain, as described by Hooke's Law.
Correct Answer: A — Stress is directly proportional to strain
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Q. What is the relationship between surface tension and temperature for most liquids?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
No relationship
D.
Exponential
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Solution
Surface tension is inversely proportional to temperature for most liquids.
Correct Answer: B — Inversely proportional
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Q. What is the relationship between surface tension and the shape of a liquid droplet?
A.
Droplets are always flat
B.
Droplets are spherical
C.
Droplets can be any shape
D.
Droplets are cubic
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Solution
Due to surface tension, liquid droplets tend to minimize their surface area, resulting in a spherical shape.
Correct Answer: B — Droplets are spherical
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Q. What is the relationship between temperature and viscosity for most liquids?
A.
Viscosity increases with temperature
B.
Viscosity decreases with temperature
C.
Viscosity remains constant
D.
Viscosity fluctuates randomly
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Solution
For most liquids, viscosity decreases with an increase in temperature due to increased molecular motion.
Correct Answer: B — Viscosity decreases with temperature
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Q. What is the relationship between temperature and viscosity in liquids?
A.
Directly proportional
B.
Inversely proportional
C.
No relationship
D.
Exponential
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Solution
In general, the viscosity of liquids decreases with an increase in temperature, making them flow more easily.
Correct Answer: B — Inversely proportional
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Q. What is the shape of a liquid droplet on a surface due to surface tension?
A.
Flat
B.
Cylindrical
C.
Spherical
D.
Cubical
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Solution
A liquid droplet takes a spherical shape because a sphere has the minimum surface area for a given volume, minimizing the energy associated with surface tension.
Correct Answer: C — Spherical
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Q. What is the SI unit of dynamic viscosity?
A.
Pascal-second
B.
Newton-second
C.
Kilogram-meter
D.
Joule-second
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Solution
The SI unit of dynamic viscosity is Pascal-second (Pa·s).
Correct Answer: A — Pascal-second
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Q. What is the SI unit of pressure?
A.
Pascal
B.
Newton
C.
Joule
D.
Bar
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Solution
Pressure is defined as force per unit area, and its SI unit is Pascal (Pa).
Correct Answer: A — Pascal
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Q. What is the SI unit of viscosity?
A.
Pascal-second
B.
Newton-second
C.
Kilogram-meter per second
D.
Joule-second
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Solution
The SI unit of viscosity is Pascal-second (Pa·s), which is equivalent to Newton-second per square meter.
Correct Answer: A — Pascal-second
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Q. What is the term for the ability of a fluid to flow?
A.
Fluidity
B.
Viscosity
C.
Density
D.
Pressure
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Solution
Fluidity refers to the ability of a fluid to flow easily.
Correct Answer: A — Fluidity
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Q. What is the term for the change in pressure with depth in a fluid?
A.
Hydrostatic pressure
B.
Dynamic pressure
C.
Static pressure
D.
Total pressure
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Solution
Hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it.
Correct Answer: A — Hydrostatic pressure
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Q. What is the term for the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow?
A.
Density
B.
Viscosity
C.
Pressure
D.
Temperature
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Solution
Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, indicating how thick or thin the fluid is.
Correct Answer: B — Viscosity
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Q. What is the term for the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest?
A.
Dynamic pressure
B.
Static pressure
C.
Hydrostatic pressure
D.
Atmospheric pressure
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Solution
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it.
Correct Answer: C — Hydrostatic pressure
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Q. What is the term for the resistance of a fluid to flow?
A.
Density
B.
Viscosity
C.
Pressure
D.
Temperature
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Solution
Viscosity is the term used to describe the resistance of a fluid to flow.
Correct Answer: B — Viscosity
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Q. What is the term for the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it?
A.
Buoyancy
B.
Weight
C.
Pressure
D.
Density
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Solution
The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object is known as buoyancy.
Correct Answer: A — Buoyancy
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Q. What is the term for the upward force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid?
A.
Buoyancy
B.
Weight
C.
Pressure
D.
Density
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Solution
The upward force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid is known as buoyancy.
Correct Answer: A — Buoyancy
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Q. What is the unit of surface tension in the SI system?
A.
N/m
B.
J/m²
C.
Pa
D.
kg/m³
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Solution
The unit of surface tension is Newton per meter (N/m).
Correct Answer: A — N/m
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Q. What is the unit of surface tension?
A.
N/m
B.
J/m²
C.
Pa
D.
N
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Solution
Surface tension is defined as force per unit length, hence its unit is Newton per meter (N/m).
Correct Answer: A — N/m
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Q. What is the unit of Young's modulus?
A.
N/m²
B.
Pa
C.
J/m³
D.
N/m
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Solution
Young's modulus is defined as stress divided by strain and is measured in Pascals (Pa).
Correct Answer: B — Pa
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Q. What is the viscosity of water at 20°C?
A.
0.001 Pa·s
B.
0.01 Pa·s
C.
0.1 Pa·s
D.
1 Pa·s
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Solution
The viscosity of water at 20°C is approximately 0.001 Pa·s.
Correct Answer: A — 0.001 Pa·s
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Q. What type of fluid exhibits a constant viscosity regardless of the shear rate?
A.
Newtonian fluid
B.
Non-Newtonian fluid
C.
Ideal fluid
D.
Real fluid
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Solution
Newtonian fluids have a constant viscosity that does not change with the shear rate.
Correct Answer: A — Newtonian fluid
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Q. What type of fluid has a constant viscosity regardless of the shear rate?
A.
Newtonian fluid
B.
Non-Newtonian fluid
C.
Ideal fluid
D.
Real fluid
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Solution
A Newtonian fluid has a constant viscosity that does not change with the shear rate.
Correct Answer: A — Newtonian fluid
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Q. When a surfactant is added to water, what happens to the surface tension?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
Adding a surfactant to water decreases the surface tension by disrupting the cohesive forces between water molecules.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases
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Q. Which equation is used to calculate the viscosity of a fluid in a capillary tube?
A.
Bernoulli's equation
B.
Poiseuille's law
C.
Navier-Stokes equation
D.
Continuity equation
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Solution
Poiseuille's law is used to calculate the viscosity of a fluid in a capillary tube.
Correct Answer: B — Poiseuille's law
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