Skin color in humans is a polygenic trait and does not follow Mendelian inheritance patterns.

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is not a method for measuring surface area; it is used to study thermal stability and composition.

Cross-fertilization involves the fusion of gametes from two different individuals, hence it is not asexual.

The menstrual cycle is a natural process and not a method of contraception.

Transfection is a method primarily used in animal cells, while the other methods are commonly used for gene transfer in plants.

Photosynthesis is a process that converts light energy into chemical energy, not a method of water transport.

Increasing the temperature generally decreases the adsorption capacity for physisorption, as it can overcome the weak van der Waals forces.

A typical flower consists of stamens, carpels, petals, and sepals, but not leaves.

The cell theory states that all cells arise from pre-existing cells, not spontaneously.

The anther is part of the male reproductive structure (stamen) and is not part of the female reproductive structure.

The anther is part of the male reproductive structure (stamen) of a flower, while stigma, style, and ovary are parts of the female reproductive structure (pistil).

Viruses are not included in the five-kingdom classification as they are not considered living organisms.

The root is not a part of the flower; it is part of the plant's root system.

The ovary is not a part of the male reproductive system; it is part of the female reproductive system.

Fossil fuels are not products of biotechnology; they are natural resources formed from ancient organic matter.

Glucose is not a product of cellular respiration; it is a reactant that is broken down to produce ATP, water, and carbon dioxide.

Sugar is not a product of microbial fermentation; it is a substrate that microbes ferment.

Glucose is not a product of respiration; it is a reactant that is broken down during the process.

Brittleness is not a property of metals; they are typically malleable and ductile.

Nitrogen is colorless, odorless, and diatomic, but it does not support combustion.

Thermoplastics are generally not brittle at room temperature; they can be reshaped upon heating.

Tuberculosis is primarily a respiratory disease and is not classified as a sexually transmitted disease.

Tuberculosis is not a sexually transmitted infection; it is primarily a respiratory disease.

The Calvin cycle is part of photosynthesis, not cellular respiration.

Synthesis is not a stage of the cell cycle; it refers to the S phase where DNA is replicated.

Addition of monomers is not a step in condensation polymerization; it is characteristic of addition polymerization.

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA, which is not a step in gene cloning.

Protein synthesis is not a step in recombinant DNA technology; the process focuses on manipulating DNA rather than directly synthesizing proteins.

Weight gain is not a typical symptom of diabetes; rather, weight loss is more common in type 1 diabetes.

Epithelial tissue is not a type of connective tissue; it serves as a protective layer and is distinct from connective tissues.