The shape of the objects does not affect the gravitational force; only mass and distance do.

The color of the objects does not affect the gravitational force between them.

The length of the specimen does not affect tensile strength; it is an intrinsic property of the material.

Helium behaves most like an ideal gas due to its low intermolecular forces and small size, making it closer to the ideal gas behavior.

At the same temperature, lighter gases have higher average speeds. Hydrogen (H2) has the lowest molar mass and thus the highest average speed.

A diode allows current to flow in one direction only, making it a unidirectional device.

Semiconductors have zero conductivity at absolute zero and their conductivity increases with temperature.

A Zener diode is designed to operate in reverse bias and maintain a constant voltage.

Brittle materials fracture without significant deformation.

Elastic materials return to their original shape after the removal of the applied force.

Nuclear fusion releases energy, requires high temperatures, and occurs in stars, making all options correct.

Nuclear reactions involve large energy changes due to the conversion of mass into energy, unlike chemical reactions.

P-type semiconductors have an excess of holes as majority charge carriers.

Radioactive decay is a random process, meaning that it cannot be predicted when a particular nucleus will decay.

When the object is placed between the focal point and the mirror, the image formed by a concave mirror is virtual and erect.

Photodiodes are commonly used for light detection in various applications.

Transistors are a common application of semiconductors, used in various electronic devices.

Environmental changes can cause variations in measurements, leading to random errors.

Human reaction time can introduce variability in measurements, leading to random errors.

The correct expression for electric current is I = V/R, according to Ohm's law.

Mass is a fundamental quantity in the SI system.

Boron is a trivalent element that creates holes in silicon, making it a p-type semiconductor.

Electric generators utilize electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Electric field lines cannot intersect because it would imply two different directions of the electric field at a point.

Intrinsic semiconductors are in their pure form without any doping.

Systematic errors are consistent and repeatable errors associated with faulty equipment or a flawed experiment design, such as zero error.

Hertz (Hz) is the unit of frequency, defined as cycles per second.

A sound wave is an example of a longitudinal wave, where the particle displacement is parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

Mass is a scalar quantity as it has magnitude but no direction.

Light waves are electromagnetic waves and are an example of transverse waves, where the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.