Benzene is an aromatic compound due to its cyclic structure and delocalized pi electrons.

Sodium benzoate is widely used as a food preservative to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Sodium benzoate is widely used as a food preservative to prevent spoilage.

Aspartame is a widely used artificial sweetener found in many low-calorie foods and beverages.

H2O is a covalent compound formed by the sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

SiO2 is formed from Silicon, which is a p-block element.

NaCl is formed by sodium, which is an s-block element.

Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas.

Phenol is less acidic compared to the other acids listed due to the +M effect of the aromatic ring, which destabilizes the negative charge on the phenoxide ion.

CCl3COOH is most acidic due to the strong -I effect of the -CCl3 group.

Benzaldehyde is most affected by the mesomeric effect due to the presence of the carbonyl group which can participate in resonance.

Benzene is highly stabilized by resonance due to its delocalized pi electrons.

Phenol is not classified as an alcohol because it has an aromatic ring, while the others are aliphatic alcohols.

Cyclooctatetraene is not aromatic because it does not satisfy Huckel's rule and does not have a planar structure.

Cyclooctatetraene is not aromatic because it does not satisfy Huckel's rule; it is non-planar and does not have a continuous ring of p orbitals.

HCl is a polar molecule due to the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and chlorine.

Phenol is stabilized by the +M effect due to the presence of the -OH group which donates electron density.

Propyne is the most acidic due to the sp hybridization of the carbon atom involved in the triple bond.

Iron is used as a catalyst in the Haber process for the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.

Vanillin is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean and is used as a flavoring agent.

Carotenoids are natural pigments used as food colorants.

Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is commonly used as a reducing agent.

Aspartame is a widely used artificial sweetener in many food products.

All of the listed compounds are antacids used to treat heartburn.

Benzaldehyde shows a -I effect due to the carbonyl group and a +M effect due to the aromatic ring.

C6H5NO2 is most stable due to the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the -NO2 group, which stabilizes the negative charge through resonance.

MgCl2 dissociates into 3 ions (1 Mg²⁺ and 2 Cl⁻), leading to the highest boiling point elevation due to the greatest number of particles.

C6H5OH has the highest electron density at the ortho position due to the +M effect of the -OH group.

Aniline has the highest electron density due to the +M effect of the amino group.

3-chloropropane is a tertiary haloalkane, which favors the SN1 mechanism due to the formation of a stable tertiary carbocation.