Major Competitive Exams
Q. The displacement of a simple harmonic oscillator is given by x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ). What is the maximum displacement?
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Solution
The maximum displacement in SHM is equal to the amplitude A.
Correct Answer: A — A
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Q. The distance from the point (3, 4) to the line 2x + 3y - 6 = 0 is:
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Solution
Distance = |2(3) + 3(4) - 6| / √(2² + 3²) = |6 + 12 - 6| / √13 = 12/√13.
Correct Answer: B — 2
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Q. The eccentricity of an ellipse is defined as e = c/a. If a = 10 and c = 6, what is the eccentricity?
A.
0.6
B.
0.8
C.
0.4
D.
0.5
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Solution
Eccentricity e = c/a = 6/10 = 0.6.
Correct Answer: B — 0.8
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Q. The energy of a simple harmonic oscillator is proportional to which of the following?
A.
Displacement
B.
Velocity
C.
Square of amplitude
D.
Frequency
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Solution
The total energy of a simple harmonic oscillator is proportional to the square of the amplitude.
Correct Answer: C — Square of amplitude
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Q. The enthalpy change for a reaction can be calculated using which of the following?
A.
Bond energies
B.
Standard enthalpies of formation
C.
Calorimetry
D.
All of the above
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Solution
The enthalpy change for a reaction can be calculated using bond energies, standard enthalpies of formation, and calorimetry.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
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Q. The enthalpy change for the reaction A + B → C is +50 kJ/mol. What can be said about the reaction?
A.
It is exothermic
B.
It is endothermic
C.
It is spontaneous
D.
It is at equilibrium
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Solution
A positive enthalpy change indicates that the reaction absorbs heat, thus it is endothermic.
Correct Answer: B — It is endothermic
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Q. The enthalpy of vaporization of a substance is defined as:
A.
The heat required to melt the substance
B.
The heat required to convert a liquid into a gas
C.
The heat released during condensation
D.
The heat required to raise the temperature of a substance
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Solution
The enthalpy of vaporization is the heat required to convert a liquid into a gas at constant temperature and pressure.
Correct Answer: B — The heat required to convert a liquid into a gas
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Q. The enthalpy of vaporization of water is approximately ____ kJ/mol.
A.
40.79
B.
60.79
C.
80.79
D.
100.79
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Solution
The enthalpy of vaporization of water is approximately 40.79 kJ/mol.
Correct Answer: A — 40.79
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Q. The enthalpy of vaporization of water is approximately:
A.
40.79 kJ/mol
B.
2260 kJ/mol
C.
100 kJ/mol
D.
60 kJ/mol
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Solution
The enthalpy of vaporization of water is approximately 2260 kJ/mol.
Correct Answer: B — 2260 kJ/mol
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Q. The entropy change for a phase transition at constant temperature is given by:
A.
ΔS = ΔH/T
B.
ΔS = T/ΔH
C.
ΔS = ΔH*T
D.
ΔS = ΔH + T
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Solution
For a phase transition at constant temperature, the change in entropy is given by ΔS = ΔH/T, where ΔH is the enthalpy change.
Correct Answer: A — ΔS = ΔH/T
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Q. The entropy change for a reaction can be calculated using which of the following?
A.
ΔS = ΣS(products) - ΣS(reactants)
B.
ΔS = ΣS(reactants) - ΣS(products)
C.
ΔS = Q/T
D.
ΔS = W/T
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Solution
The change in entropy for a reaction is calculated using the formula ΔS = ΣS(products) - ΣS(reactants).
Correct Answer: A — ΔS = ΣS(products) - ΣS(reactants)
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is given by:
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Solution
According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero.
Correct Answer: B — 0
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is:
A.
Maximum
B.
Minimum
C.
Undefined
D.
Infinite
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Solution
According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero, which is the minimum value.
Correct Answer: B — Minimum
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero temperature is given by which law?
A.
Third law of thermodynamics
B.
First law of thermodynamics
C.
Second law of thermodynamics
D.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
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Solution
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
Correct Answer: A — Third law of thermodynamics
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero temperature is given by:
A.
0
B.
1
C.
Infinity
D.
Depends on the substance
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Solution
According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is exactly zero.
Correct Answer: A — 0
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero is given by which law?
A.
Third law of thermodynamics
B.
First law of thermodynamics
C.
Second law of thermodynamics
D.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
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Solution
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
Correct Answer: A — Third law of thermodynamics
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Q. The entropy of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero is:
A.
Zero
B.
Maximum
C.
Undefined
D.
Infinite
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Solution
According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero is zero.
Correct Answer: A — Zero
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Q. The equation of a line parallel to y = 2x + 3 and passing through (1, 1) is?
A.
y = 2x - 1
B.
y = 2x + 1
C.
y = 2x + 3
D.
y = 2x - 3
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Solution
Parallel lines have the same slope. Using point-slope form: y - 1 = 2(x - 1) => y = 2x - 1.
Correct Answer: A — y = 2x - 1
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Q. The equation of a line passing through (1, 2) and (3, 6) is:
A.
y = 2x
B.
y = 3x - 1
C.
y = x + 1
D.
y = 4x - 2
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Solution
Slope = (6-2)/(3-1) = 2. Using point-slope form: y - 2 = 2(x - 1) => y = 2x.
Correct Answer: A — y = 2x
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Q. The equation of a parabola is given by x^2 = 16y. What is the length of the latus rectum?
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Solution
The length of the latus rectum for the parabola x^2 = 4py is given by 4p. Here, 4p = 16, so p = 4. Thus, the length of the latus rectum is 4p = 16.
Correct Answer: B — 8
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Q. The equation of an ellipse is given by 4x^2 + 9y^2 = 36. What is the eccentricity of the ellipse?
A.
0.5
B.
0.6
C.
0.7
D.
0.8
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Solution
Rewriting gives x^2/9 + y^2/4 = 1. Here, a^2 = 9, b^2 = 4, c = √(a^2 - b^2) = √(9 - 4) = √5. Eccentricity e = c/a = √5/3 ≈ 0.6.
Correct Answer: B — 0.6
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Q. The equation of motion for a simple harmonic oscillator is given by x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ). What does A represent?
A.
Angular frequency
B.
Phase constant
C.
Amplitude
D.
Displacement
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Solution
A represents the amplitude of the oscillation, which is the maximum displacement from the mean position.
Correct Answer: C — Amplitude
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Q. The equation of the line passing through (1, 2) and (3, 6) is:
A.
y = 2x
B.
y = 3x - 1
C.
y = x + 1
D.
y = 4x - 2
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Solution
Slope = (6-2)/(3-1) = 2. Using point-slope form: y - 2 = 2(x - 1) => y = 2x.
Correct Answer: A — y = 2x
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Q. The equation of the line passing through the points (1, 2) and (3, 6) is:
A.
y = 2x
B.
y = 3x - 1
C.
y = 4x - 2
D.
y = x + 1
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Solution
Slope = (6-2)/(3-1) = 2. Using point-slope form: y - 2 = 2(x - 1) => y = 2x.
Correct Answer: A — y = 2x
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Q. The equation of the pair of lines through the origin is given by y = mx. If m1 and m2 are the slopes, what is the condition for them to be perpendicular?
A.
m1 + m2 = 0
B.
m1 * m2 = 1
C.
m1 - m2 = 0
D.
m1 * m2 = -1
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Solution
For two lines to be perpendicular, the product of their slopes must equal -1.
Correct Answer: D — m1 * m2 = -1
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Q. The equation of the pair of lines through the origin with slopes m1 and m2 is given by:
A.
y = mx
B.
y^2 = mx
C.
x^2 + y^2 = 0
D.
x^2 - 2mxy + y^2 = 0
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Solution
The correct form of the equation representing the lines through the origin is x^2 - 2mxy + y^2 = 0.
Correct Answer: D — x^2 - 2mxy + y^2 = 0
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Q. The equation of the pair of lines through the origin with slopes m1 and m2 is:
A.
y = m1x + m2x
B.
y = (m1 + m2)x
C.
y = m1x - m2x
D.
y = m1x * m2x
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Solution
The equation of the lines can be expressed as y = (m1 + m2)x, representing the sum of the slopes.
Correct Answer: B — y = (m1 + m2)x
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Q. The equation of the tangent to the curve y = x^2 at the point (2, 4) is:
A.
y = 2x - 4
B.
y = 2x
C.
y = x + 2
D.
y = x^2 - 2
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Solution
The derivative f'(x) = 2x. At x = 2, f'(2) = 4. The equation of the tangent line is y - 4 = 4(x - 2), which simplifies to y = 2x - 4.
Correct Answer: A — y = 2x - 4
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Q. The equation x^2 + 2x + 1 = 0 can be factored as:
A.
(x + 1)(x + 1)
B.
(x - 1)(x - 1)
C.
(x + 2)(x + 1)
D.
(x - 2)(x - 1)
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Solution
This is a perfect square: (x + 1)^2 = 0.
Correct Answer: A — (x + 1)(x + 1)
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Q. The equation x^2 + 4x + 4 = 0 has:
A.
Two distinct roots
B.
One repeated root
C.
No real roots
D.
None of these
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Solution
The discriminant is 0, indicating one repeated root.
Correct Answer: B — One repeated root
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