The work done by an ideal gas during an isothermal expansion is W = nRT ln(Vf/Vi).

Capillarity is the phenomenon where liquid rises in a narrow tube due to surface tension.

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up biochemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Chemisorption involves the formation of strong chemical bonds between the adsorbate and the adsorbent.

Isopropanol (2-propanol) is a secondary alcohol, as the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is connected to two other carbons.

Enzymes are primarily proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.

Insulin is a protein hormone that regulates glucose levels in the blood.

A peptide bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, linking them together in a protein.

A covalent bond, specifically a peptide bond, is formed between amino acids in a protein.

NaCl is formed by an ionic bond due to the transfer of electrons from sodium to chlorine.

A peptide bond is formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Metallic bonds are formed between metal atoms, characterized by a 'sea of electrons' that are free to move.

Hydrogen bonds are primarily responsible for the formation of secondary structures like alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets in proteins.

Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds, which are a type of covalent bond.

A peptide bond is a specific type of covalent bond that links amino acids together in proteins.

Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds, which are a type of covalent bond.

Monosaccharides in a disaccharide are linked by a covalent bond known as a glycosidic bond.

Monosaccharides are linked by glycosidic bonds, which are a type of covalent bond.

Alkanes are characterized by covalent bonding between carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Glucose is a monosaccharide, which is the simplest form of carbohydrates.

Starch is classified as a polysaccharide, consisting of many glucose units.

Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose.

Alkynes have sp hybridization due to the presence of a triple bond.

Ethylene has sp2 hybridization due to the presence of a double bond between the carbon atoms.

The carbon atoms in ethylene undergo sp2 hybridization.

The carbon atoms in alkanes are sp3 hybridized.

The carbon atoms in alkenes are sp2 hybridized due to the presence of a double bond.

BF3 has sp2 hybridization as it has three bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

Ethylene has sp2 hybridization as each carbon atom forms three sigma bonds and one pi bond.

Methane has sp3 hybridization as it has four equivalent bonds formed by the mixing of one s and three p orbitals.