A soap bubble appears black in reflected light when the thickness is λ/4, leading to destructive interference.

A soap bubble appears black when the thickness is λ/4 due to destructive interference of light reflected from the top and bottom surfaces.

For destructive interference in reflected light, the minimum thickness t = λ/2n, where n is the refractive index (approximately 1.5 for soap). Thus, t = 600 nm / (2 * 1.5) = 200 nm.

For destructive interference in a soap film, the minimum thickness should be λ/2, considering the phase change upon reflection.

For destructive interference in reflected light, the minimum thickness of the film must be λ/2.

Convection is the mode of heat transfer that occurs through a fluid due to density differences.

Conduction is the mode of heat transfer that occurs through a solid or stationary fluid without any movement of the fluid itself.

The moment of inertia of a disk about an axis through its center is I = 1/2 MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a solid cylinder about its central axis is given by I = 1/2 MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a solid disk about its central axis is (1/2)MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a solid sphere about an axis through its center is given by I = (2/5)mr^2.

The moment of inertia of a solid sphere about an axis through its center is I = 2/5 MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a thin circular hoop about an axis through its center is I = MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a thin circular plate about an axis through its center is I = 1/2 MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a thin circular ring about an axis through its center is I = MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a thin circular ring about an axis through its center is I = MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a thin circular ring about an axis through its center is I = MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a thin circular ring about an axis through its center is I = MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a thin rod about an axis through its center is given by I = (1/12)ML^2.

The moment of inertia of a thin rod about an end is given by I = (1/3)ML^2.

The moment of inertia of a thin spherical shell about an axis through its center is I = 2/3 MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a thin wire bent in the shape of a semicircle about the diameter is I = 3/8 MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a rectangular plate about an axis through its center and parallel to side a is I = 1/3 Mb^2.

The moment of inertia of a uniform thin circular plate about an axis through its center and perpendicular to its plane is I = 1/2 MR^2.

The moment of inertia of a square plate about an axis through its center and parallel to one side is I = 1/12 Ma².

The moment of inertia of a triangular lamina about an axis through its centroid is I = 1/12 Mb^2.

A concave lens always produces a virtual and upright image regardless of the object's position.

A concave lens always forms a virtual and upright image.

When the object is beyond the center of curvature, the image formed is real and inverted.

When an object is placed beyond the focal length of a convex lens, the image formed is real and inverted.