Q. For a spontaneous process, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is related to entropy (ΔS) how?
A.
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
B.
ΔG = TΔS - ΔH
C.
ΔG = ΔS - ΔH
D.
ΔG = ΔH + TΔS
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Solution
The relationship is given by ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔG must be negative for a spontaneous process.
Correct Answer: A — ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
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Q. For a spontaneous process, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is:
A.
Positive
B.
Negative
C.
Zero
D.
Undefined
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Solution
For a process to be spontaneous, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) must be negative.
Correct Answer: B — Negative
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Q. For a zero-order reaction, how does the rate change with concentration?
A.
Increases linearly
B.
Decreases linearly
C.
Remains constant
D.
Increases exponentially
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Solution
In a zero-order reaction, the rate is constant and does not depend on the concentration of reactants.
Correct Answer: C — Remains constant
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Q. For a zero-order reaction, how does the rate change with respect to concentration?
A.
Increases linearly
B.
Decreases linearly
C.
Remains constant
D.
Increases exponentially
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Solution
In a zero-order reaction, the rate is constant and does not depend on the concentration of the reactants.
Correct Answer: C — Remains constant
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Q. For an electron in a 3d orbital, what are the possible values of l?
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Solution
For d orbitals, the azimuthal quantum number l = 2.
Correct Answer: C — 2
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Q. For an electron in a 3d orbital, what are the possible values of m_l?
A.
-2, -1, 0, 1, 2
B.
-1, 0, 1
C.
0, 1
D.
0, 1, 2
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Solution
For l=2 (d orbital), m_l can take values from -l to +l, which are -2, -1, 0, 1, 2.
Correct Answer: A — -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
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Q. For an electron in a 3p orbital, what are the possible values of m_l?
A.
-1, 0, +1
B.
0, +1, +2
C.
-2, -1, 0
D.
0, -1, -2
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Solution
For a p orbital, l=1, so m_l can take values -1, 0, +1.
Correct Answer: A — -1, 0, +1
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Q. For an electron in a 3p orbital, what are the possible values of m_s?
A.
-1/2, +1/2
B.
0, +1
C.
1, 2
D.
-1, 0, +1
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Solution
The spin quantum number (m_s) can take values of -1/2 and +1/2.
Correct Answer: A — -1/2, +1/2
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Q. For an electron in a 3p orbital, what are the possible values of the magnetic quantum number (m_l)?
A.
-1, 0, +1
B.
0, +1, +2
C.
-2, -1, 0
D.
1, 2, 3
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Solution
For a p orbital (l=1), m_l can take values -1, 0, +1.
Correct Answer: A — -1, 0, +1
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Q. For an electron in a 5d orbital, what are the possible values of m_l?
A.
-2, -1, 0, 1, 2
B.
-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
C.
0, 1, 2
D.
-1, 0, 1
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Solution
For l=2 (d orbital), m_l can take values from -2 to +2, which are -2, -1, 0, 1, 2.
Correct Answer: A — -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
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Q. For an ideal solution, if the mole fraction of the solvent is 0.75, what is the vapor pressure of the solution if the vapor pressure of the pure solvent is 100 mmHg?
A.
75 mmHg
B.
100 mmHg
C.
25 mmHg
D.
50 mmHg
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Solution
According to Raoult's Law, the vapor pressure of the solution is 0.75 * 100 mmHg = 75 mmHg.
Correct Answer: A — 75 mmHg
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Q. For the equation x^2 + 2x + k = 0 to have one root equal to 1, what is the value of k?
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Solution
Substituting x = 1 into the equation gives 1^2 + 2*1 + k = 0 => 1 + 2 + k = 0 => k = -3.
Correct Answer: B — 1
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Q. For the equation x^2 + kx + 9 = 0 to have real roots, what must be true about k?
A.
k < 6
B.
k > 6
C.
k < 0
D.
k > 0
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Solution
The discriminant must be non-negative: k^2 - 4*1*9 >= 0 => k^2 >= 36 => k <= -6 or k >= 6.
Correct Answer: A — k < 6
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Q. For the equilibrium 2A(g) ⇌ B(g) + C(g), how many moles of gas are on the reactant side?
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Solution
There are 2 moles of gas on the reactant side (2A).
Correct Answer: B — 2
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Q. For the equilibrium 2A(g) ⇌ B(g) + C(g), if the concentration of B is increased, what will happen to the concentration of A?
A.
Increase
B.
Decrease
C.
Remain the same
D.
Cannot be determined
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Solution
According to Le Chatelier's principle, increasing the concentration of B will shift the equilibrium to the left, resulting in a decrease in the concentration of A.
Correct Answer: B — Decrease
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Q. For the equilibrium 2A(g) ⇌ B(g) + C(g), if the volume of the container is decreased, what will happen?
A.
Shift to the left
B.
Shift to the right
C.
No change
D.
Depends on the temperature
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Solution
Decreasing the volume increases the pressure, and the equilibrium will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas, which is the right side in this case.
Correct Answer: B — Shift to the right
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Q. For the equilibrium 2A(g) ⇌ B(g) + C(g), if the volume of the container is doubled, what will happen to the equilibrium position?
A.
Shift to the left
B.
Shift to the right
C.
No change
D.
Depends on the temperature
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Solution
Doubling the volume decreases the pressure, which shifts the equilibrium towards the side with more moles of gas, in this case, the right side.
Correct Answer: B — Shift to the right
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Q. For the equilibrium 2A(g) ⇌ B(g) + C(g), if the volume of the container is doubled, what will happen to the equilibrium concentrations?
A.
Concentrations of A will increase
B.
Concentrations of B and C will increase
C.
Equilibrium will not change
D.
Concentrations of A will decrease
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Solution
Doubling the volume decreases the pressure, which shifts the equilibrium towards the side with more moles of gas (B and C).
Correct Answer: B — Concentrations of B and C will increase
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Q. For the equilibrium reaction 4HCl(g) ⇌ 2H2(g) + 2Cl2(g), how will the equilibrium shift if the temperature is decreased?
A.
Shift to the right
B.
Shift to the left
C.
No change
D.
Increase in pressure
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Solution
Decreasing the temperature for an endothermic reaction will shift the equilibrium to the left, favoring the formation of HCl.
Correct Answer: B — Shift to the left
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Q. For the equilibrium reaction CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g), if the temperature is decreased, what will be the effect?
A.
Shift to the right
B.
Shift to the left
C.
No change
D.
Increase in pressure
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Solution
Decreasing the temperature for an exothermic reaction will shift the equilibrium to the right, favoring the formation of products.
Correct Answer: A — Shift to the right
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Q. For the equilibrium reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g), how will the equilibrium shift if H2 is added?
A.
Shift to the right
B.
Shift to the left
C.
No change
D.
Increase in temperature
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Solution
Adding H2 will shift the equilibrium to the right to produce more NH3.
Correct Answer: A — Shift to the right
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Q. For the equilibrium reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g), if the pressure is increased, what will be the effect on the equilibrium?
A.
Shift to the right
B.
Shift to the left
C.
No change
D.
Increase in temperature
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Solution
Increasing the pressure will shift the equilibrium to the right, favoring the formation of NH3, which has fewer moles of gas.
Correct Answer: A — Shift to the right
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Q. For the equilibrium reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g), what happens if the volume of the container is decreased?
A.
Shift to the right
B.
Shift to the left
C.
No change
D.
Increase in temperature
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Solution
Decreasing the volume increases the pressure, which shifts the equilibrium to the side with fewer moles of gas, favoring the production of NH3.
Correct Answer: A — Shift to the right
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Q. For the equilibrium reaction: H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g), what is the effect of adding more HI?
A.
Shifts to the right
B.
Shifts to the left
C.
No change
D.
Increases the rate of reaction
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Solution
Adding more HI increases the concentration of products, which shifts the equilibrium to the left to form more reactants.
Correct Answer: B — Shifts to the left
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Q. For the equilibrium reaction: H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g), what is the effect of adding more I2?
A.
Equilibrium shifts to the right
B.
Equilibrium shifts to the left
C.
No effect
D.
Equilibrium constant changes
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Solution
Adding more I2 increases its concentration, which shifts the equilibrium to the right to produce more HI.
Correct Answer: A — Equilibrium shifts to the right
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Q. For the quantum state with n=3, l=1, how many possible values can m_l take?
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Solution
For l=1, m_l can take values -1, 0, 1, which gives 3 possible values.
Correct Answer: C — 3
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Q. For the reaction 2A ⇌ B + C, if the initial concentration of A is 0.5 M and at equilibrium, the concentration of B is 0.2 M, what is the equilibrium concentration of A?
A.
0.1 M
B.
0.2 M
C.
0.3 M
D.
0.4 M
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Solution
At equilibrium, [A] = 0.5 - 0.2 = 0.3 M.
Correct Answer: D — 0.4 M
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Q. For the reaction 2A ⇌ B + C, if the initial concentration of A is 0.5 M and at equilibrium, [B] = 0.2 M, what is the equilibrium concentration of A?
A.
0.1 M
B.
0.2 M
C.
0.3 M
D.
0.4 M
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Solution
At equilibrium, 0.5 - 0.2 = 0.3 M of A remains.
Correct Answer: D — 0.4 M
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Q. For the reaction 2A(g) ⇌ B(g) + C(g), if the concentration of B is increased, what will happen to the equilibrium?
A.
Shift to the left
B.
Shift to the right
C.
No shift
D.
Depends on temperature
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Solution
Increasing the concentration of a product shifts the equilibrium to the left to counteract the change.
Correct Answer: A — Shift to the left
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Q. For the reaction 2NO(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2NO2(g), if the initial concentrations are [NO]=0.5 M and [O2]=0.5 M, what will be the equilibrium concentration of NO2 if Kc=4?
A.
0.1 M
B.
0.2 M
C.
0.3 M
D.
0.4 M
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Solution
Using ICE table and Kc expression, we find [NO2] at equilibrium to be 0.2 M.
Correct Answer: B — 0.2 M
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