For a spontaneous process, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is related to entropy (ΔS) how?

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Q: For a spontaneous process, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is related to entropy (ΔS) how?

Solution: The relationship is given by ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔG must be negative for a spontaneous process.

Steps: 8

Step 1: Understand that Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is a measure of the energy available to do work in a system.
Step 2: Know that for a process to be spontaneous, it must occur without needing to be driven by an external force.
Step 3: Recognize that the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is calculated using the formula ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Step 4: Identify that ΔH represents the change in enthalpy (total heat content) of the system.
Step 5: Understand that T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin.
Step 6: Realize that ΔS is the change in entropy, which measures the disorder or randomness in the system.
Step 7: Remember that for a process to be spontaneous, ΔG must be negative (ΔG < 0).
Step 8: Conclude that if ΔS is positive (increased disorder), it can help make ΔG negative, promoting spontaneity.