Q. Which of the following changes will NOT affect the position of equilibrium?
A.
Adding a catalyst
B.
Changing the concentration of reactants
C.
Changing the temperature
D.
Changing the pressure
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Solution
A catalyst speeds up the rate of reaching equilibrium but does not change the position of equilibrium or the equilibrium constant.
Correct Answer: A — Adding a catalyst
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Q. Which of the following changes will shift the equilibrium to the right for the reaction: N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)?
A.
Increase in pressure
B.
Decrease in temperature
C.
Increase in volume
D.
Addition of NH3
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Solution
Increasing pressure shifts the equilibrium to the side with fewer moles of gas, which is the right side in this case.
Correct Answer: A — Increase in pressure
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Q. Which of the following conditions must be satisfied for a rigid body to be in static equilibrium?
A.
Sum of forces is zero and sum of moments is zero
B.
Only sum of forces is zero
C.
Only sum of moments is zero
D.
Sum of forces and moments can be non-zero
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Solution
A rigid body is in static equilibrium when both the sum of forces and the sum of moments about any point are zero.
Correct Answer: A — Sum of forces is zero and sum of moments is zero
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the equilibrium constant (K) of a reaction?
A.
Temperature
B.
Concentration of reactants
C.
Pressure
D.
Nature of reactants and products
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Solution
The equilibrium constant K is only affected by temperature. Changes in concentration or pressure will shift the position of equilibrium but not change the value of K.
Correct Answer: B — Concentration of reactants
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the equilibrium constant (K)?
A.
Temperature
B.
Concentration of reactants
C.
Pressure
D.
Nature of reactants and products
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Solution
The equilibrium constant K is only affected by temperature. Changes in concentration or pressure will shift the position of equilibrium but not change the value of K.
Correct Answer: B — Concentration of reactants
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the position of equilibrium?
A.
Concentration of reactants
B.
Temperature
C.
Pressure
D.
Catalyst
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Solution
A catalyst speeds up the rate of reaching equilibrium but does not affect the position of the equilibrium itself.
Correct Answer: D — Catalyst
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Q. Which of the following ions will cause the precipitation of AgCl from a solution of AgNO3?
A.
Na+
B.
Cl-
C.
NO3-
D.
K+
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Solution
Cl- ions will react with Ag+ ions from AgNO3 to form AgCl, which is insoluble in water and will precipitate out.
Correct Answer: B — Cl-
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Q. Which of the following ions will cause the precipitation of BaSO4 from a solution of barium chloride?
A.
Na+
B.
Cl-
C.
SO4^2-
D.
K+
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Solution
The presence of SO4^2- ions will react with Ba2+ ions to form insoluble BaSO4, causing precipitation.
Correct Answer: C — SO4^2-
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Q. Which of the following ions will cause the precipitation of silver chloride (AgCl) from a solution?
A.
Na+
B.
Cl-
C.
Ag+
D.
K+
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Solution
Cl- ions will react with Ag+ ions to form the insoluble salt AgCl, causing precipitation.
Correct Answer: B — Cl-
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Q. Which of the following ions will increase the acidity of a solution?
A.
Na+
B.
Cl-
C.
NH4+
D.
K+
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Solution
NH4+ is the conjugate acid of a weak base (NH3) and will increase the acidity of the solution.
Correct Answer: C — NH4+
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a buffer solution?
A.
It changes pH drastically with small amounts of acid or base
B.
It resists changes in pH
C.
It has a pH of 7
D.
It can only be made from strong acids and bases
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Solution
A buffer solution is designed to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Correct Answer: B — It resists changes in pH
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Q. Which of the following is a strong base?
A.
NH4OH
B.
NaOH
C.
CH3COONa
D.
K2CO3
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Solution
NaOH (sodium hydroxide) is a strong base that completely dissociates in solution.
Correct Answer: B — NaOH
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Q. Which of the following is true about a buffer solution?
A.
Resists changes in pH
B.
Has a pH of 7
C.
Contains only strong acids
D.
Is always neutral
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Solution
A buffer solution resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base.
Correct Answer: A — Resists changes in pH
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Q. Which of the following salts will produce a basic solution when dissolved in water?
A.
NaCl
B.
KNO3
C.
NH4Cl
D.
Na2CO3
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Solution
Na2CO3 is a salt of a weak acid (H2CO3) and a strong base (NaOH), thus it will produce a basic solution.
Correct Answer: D — Na2CO3
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Q. Which of the following statements about dynamic equilibrium is true?
A.
The concentrations of reactants and products are equal
B.
The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
C.
The reaction has stopped
D.
The system is at rest
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Solution
In dynamic equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, but the concentrations of reactants and products may not be equal.
Correct Answer: B — The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
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Q. Which of the following statements about equilibrium constants is true?
A.
K is temperature dependent
B.
K is pressure dependent
C.
K is concentration dependent
D.
K is always equal to 1
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Solution
The equilibrium constant K is dependent on temperature; changing the temperature will change the value of K.
Correct Answer: A — K is temperature dependent
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Q. Which of the following statements about strong acids is true?
A.
They partially dissociate in solution
B.
They completely dissociate in solution
C.
They have high pKa values
D.
They do not conduct electricity
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Solution
Strong acids completely dissociate in solution, producing a high concentration of H+ ions, which allows them to conduct electricity.
Correct Answer: B — They completely dissociate in solution
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Q. Which of the following statements about the common ion effect is true?
A.
It increases solubility
B.
It decreases solubility
C.
It has no effect on solubility
D.
It only applies to strong electrolytes
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Solution
The common ion effect states that the solubility of a salt decreases in the presence of a common ion.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases solubility
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Q. Which of the following statements about the equilibrium constant (K) is true?
A.
K changes with temperature
B.
K changes with concentration
C.
K is always greater than 1
D.
K is independent of pressure
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Solution
The equilibrium constant K is dependent on temperature; it changes if the temperature of the system changes.
Correct Answer: A — K changes with temperature
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Q. Which of the following statements about the solubility product (Ksp) is true?
A.
Ksp is temperature dependent
B.
Ksp is constant at all temperatures
C.
Ksp only applies to soluble salts
D.
Ksp is the same for all salts
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Solution
Ksp is temperature dependent; it changes with temperature.
Correct Answer: A — Ksp is temperature dependent
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Q. Which of the following statements about weak acids is true?
A.
They completely dissociate in solution
B.
They have a high pKa value
C.
They have a low pH
D.
They are strong electrolytes
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Solution
Weak acids do not completely dissociate in solution and typically have a higher pKa value compared to strong acids.
Correct Answer: B — They have a high pKa value
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Q. Which of the following statements is true about a buffer solution?
A.
Resists changes in pH
B.
Always has a pH of 7
C.
Contains only strong acids
D.
Is always neutral
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Solution
A buffer solution resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base.
Correct Answer: A — Resists changes in pH
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Q. Which of the following statements is true about a system at equilibrium?
A.
The concentrations of reactants and products are equal
B.
The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
C.
No reactions occur
D.
The system is at rest
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Solution
At equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, not necessarily the concentrations.
Correct Answer: B — The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
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Q. Which of the following statements is true about dynamic equilibrium?
A.
The concentrations of reactants and products are equal
B.
The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
C.
The reaction has stopped
D.
All reactions reach dynamic equilibrium
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Solution
Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, not necessarily when concentrations are equal.
Correct Answer: B — The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
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Q. Which of the following statements is true about the equilibrium constant Kp?
A.
Kp is always equal to Kc
B.
Kp depends on temperature
C.
Kp is independent of pressure
D.
Kp is always greater than Kc
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Solution
Kp is dependent on temperature and can vary with changes in temperature.
Correct Answer: B — Kp depends on temperature
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Q. Which of the following statements is true regarding dynamic equilibrium?
A.
The concentrations of reactants and products are equal
B.
The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
C.
The reaction has stopped
D.
All reactions reach dynamic equilibrium
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Solution
Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, not necessarily when concentrations are equal.
Correct Answer: B — The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
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Q. Which of the following statements is true regarding the equilibrium constant Kc?
A.
Kc is temperature dependent
B.
Kc is pressure dependent
C.
Kc is concentration dependent
D.
Kc is independent of the reaction
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Solution
The equilibrium constant Kc is dependent on temperature; changing the temperature will change the value of Kc.
Correct Answer: A — Kc is temperature dependent
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Q. Which of the following will have the highest pH?
A.
0.1 M HCl
B.
0.1 M NaOH
C.
0.1 M CH3COOH
D.
0.1 M NH4Cl
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Solution
0.1 M NaOH is a strong base and will have the highest pH compared to the other options.
Correct Answer: B — 0.1 M NaOH
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