The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

The Conservation of Momentum states that in a closed system, the total momentum remains constant if no external forces act on it.

NaCl has the highest electronegativity difference between sodium and chlorine, leading to a strong ionic bond.

Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with two carboxyl groups.

Butanoic acid is a saturated carboxylic acid.

Acetic acid is commonly used in the production of esters.

Dimethylamine is the most basic due to the electron-donating effect of the two methyl groups, which increases the availability of the lone pair on nitrogen.

In liquids, particles are close together but can move past each other, allowing liquids to flow.

In gases, particles are far apart and move freely, allowing them to fill the container they are in.

Adding a catalyst speeds up the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions equally, thus it does not affect the position of equilibrium.

[CoCl2(NH3)4]+ can exhibit geometrical isomerism due to the different arrangements of ligands around the cobalt ion.

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ has unpaired electrons, making it paramagnetic, while the others have all paired electrons.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) contains double bonds between carbon and oxygen.

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) contains silicon, which is a p-block element.

HCl has a dipole moment because it is a polar molecule with a significant difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and chlorine.

Butanone is a ketone, characterized by having the carbonyl group (C=O) between two carbon atoms.

CH3CH2CH2Cl is a primary haloalkane as the carbon attached to the halogen is bonded to only one other carbon.

The reaction of an aldehyde with a Grignard reagent produces a primary alcohol.

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base.

AlCl3 is a compound formed from a p-block element (Aluminum) and is a classic example of p-block chemistry.

Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon characterized by its stable ring structure and delocalized electrons.

2-Butanol is an isomer of butanol, differing in the position of the hydroxyl group.

C2H4 (ethylene) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon as it contains a double bond.

H2O is a covalent compound formed by the sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Phenol is not classified as an alcohol because it has an aromatic ring, while the others are aliphatic alcohols.

Copper (Cu) is known for its excellent electrical conductivity.

Nickel (Ni) is commonly used in making various alloys due to its strength and corrosion resistance.

Nitrogen can form a triple bond, as seen in N2, where three pairs of electrons are shared between the two nitrogen atoms.

Magnesium has the electronic configuration [Ne]3s².

Uranium is an f-block element as it is part of the actinides series.