Gravitation
Q. The gravitational field strength at the surface of the Earth is approximately 9.8 N/kg. What is the gravitational potential at the surface of the Earth?
A.
0 J/kg
B.
-9.8 J/kg
C.
-19.6 J/kg
D.
-39.2 J/kg
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Solution
The gravitational potential at the surface of the Earth is negative, approximately -9.8 J/kg.
Correct Answer: B — -9.8 J/kg
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Q. The gravitational force acting on a satellite in orbit is dependent on which of the following?
A.
Mass of the satellite only
B.
Mass of the Earth only
C.
Distance from the Earth
D.
All of the above
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Solution
The gravitational force acting on a satellite depends on the mass of the satellite, the mass of the Earth, and the distance from the Earth according to Newton's law of gravitation.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
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Q. The gravitational force between two objects is 10 N. If the distance between them is halved, what will be the new force?
A.
20 N
B.
40 N
C.
10 N
D.
5 N
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Solution
If the distance is halved, the gravitational force increases by a factor of 4, so the new force is 40 N.
Correct Answer: B — 40 N
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Q. The gravitational potential at a point is defined as the work done in bringing a unit mass from infinity to that point. What is the unit of gravitational potential?
A.
J/kg
B.
N/kg
C.
J/m
D.
N/m
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Solution
The unit of gravitational potential is Joules per kilogram (J/kg).
Correct Answer: A — J/kg
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Q. The gravitational potential at infinity is defined as what value?
A.
0
B.
1
C.
-1
D.
Undefined
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Solution
The gravitational potential at infinity is defined to be 0.
Correct Answer: A — 0
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Q. The gravitational potential energy of a system of two masses is negative. What does this imply?
A.
The masses are repelling each other
B.
The masses are attracting each other
C.
The system is in equilibrium
D.
The potential energy is zero
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Solution
A negative gravitational potential energy indicates that the masses are attracting each other.
Correct Answer: B — The masses are attracting each other
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Q. The gravitational potential energy of an object at height h is given by which formula?
A.
mgh
B.
gh
C.
mg/h
D.
mgh^2
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Solution
The gravitational potential energy U at height h is given by U = mgh.
Correct Answer: A — mgh
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Q. The gravitational potential energy of an object is given by which formula?
A.
U = mgh
B.
U = -GMm/r
C.
U = 1/2 mv^2
D.
U = Fd
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Solution
The gravitational potential energy U of an object in a gravitational field is given by U = -GMm/r.
Correct Answer: B — U = -GMm/r
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Q. The gravitational potential energy of two masses m1 and m2 separated by a distance r is given by which formula?
A.
-G(m1*m2)/r
B.
G(m1*m2)/r
C.
-G(m1+m2)/r
D.
G(m1+m2)/r
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Solution
The gravitational potential energy U = -G(m1*m2)/r.
Correct Answer: A — -G(m1*m2)/r
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Q. The time period of a satellite in a low Earth orbit is approximately how many minutes?
A.
90 minutes
B.
60 minutes
C.
120 minutes
D.
30 minutes
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Solution
The time period of a satellite in a low Earth orbit is approximately 90 minutes due to its close proximity to the Earth.
Correct Answer: A — 90 minutes
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Q. Two objects are dropped from the same height. If one is twice as heavy as the other, which will hit the ground first?
A.
Heavier object
B.
Lighter object
C.
Both will hit at the same time
D.
Depends on the height
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Solution
In free fall, all objects accelerate at the same rate regardless of mass.
Correct Answer: C — Both will hit at the same time
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Q. Two objects of masses 3 kg and 4 kg are placed 1 m apart. What is the gravitational force between them? (G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N m²/kg²)
A.
8.01 × 10^-11 N
B.
8.01 × 10^-10 N
C.
8.01 × 10^-9 N
D.
8.01 × 10^-8 N
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Solution
F = G * (m1 * m2) / r² = (6.67 × 10^-11) * (3 * 4) / (1²) = 8.01 × 10^-11 N
Correct Answer: A — 8.01 × 10^-11 N
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Q. Two satellites are orbiting the Earth at heights h1 and h2. If h2 = 2h1, what is the ratio of their orbital speeds?
A.
1:√2
B.
1:2
C.
√2:1
D.
2:1
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Solution
v = √(GM/(R+h)), for h2 = 2h1, v2 = √(GM/(R+2h1)), thus v1/v2 = √(R+2h1)/(R+h1) = 1:√2.
Correct Answer: A — 1:√2
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Q. What happens to the gravitational force between two masses if one mass is tripled?
A.
It triples
B.
It doubles
C.
It remains the same
D.
It increases by a factor of 9
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Solution
The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses. If one mass is tripled, the force also triples.
Correct Answer: A — It triples
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Q. What happens to the gravitational force between two masses if the distance between them is tripled?
A.
It triples
B.
It becomes one-third
C.
It becomes one-ninth
D.
It remains the same
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Solution
The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. If the distance is tripled, the force becomes 1/(3^2) = 1/9 of the original force.
Correct Answer: C — It becomes one-ninth
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Q. What happens to the gravitational force between two objects if one object's mass is tripled?
A.
It triples
B.
It halves
C.
It remains the same
D.
It increases by a factor of 9
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Solution
The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses. If one mass is tripled, the force also triples.
Correct Answer: A — It triples
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Q. What happens to the gravitational force between two objects if the mass of one object is tripled?
A.
It becomes three times stronger
B.
It becomes six times stronger
C.
It becomes nine times stronger
D.
It remains the same
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Solution
The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses, so tripling one mass triples the force.
Correct Answer: A — It becomes three times stronger
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Q. What happens to the gravitational force if the mass of one object is tripled?
A.
It becomes three times stronger
B.
It becomes six times stronger
C.
It remains the same
D.
It becomes nine times stronger
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Solution
The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses, so tripling one mass triples the force.
Correct Answer: A — It becomes three times stronger
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Q. What happens to the gravitational force on a satellite as it moves further away from the Earth?
A.
It increases
B.
It decreases
C.
It remains constant
D.
It becomes zero
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Solution
The gravitational force on a satellite decreases as it moves further away from the Earth, following the inverse square law.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases
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Q. What happens to the gravitational force on a satellite as it moves to a higher orbit?
A.
It increases.
B.
It decreases.
C.
It remains constant.
D.
It becomes zero.
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Solution
The gravitational force on a satellite decreases as it moves to a higher orbit due to the inverse square law of gravitation.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases.
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Q. What happens to the gravitational force on a satellite if its altitude is doubled?
A.
It doubles
B.
It remains the same
C.
It becomes four times weaker
D.
It becomes eight times weaker
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Solution
The gravitational force decreases with the square of the distance from the center of the Earth. If the altitude is doubled, the distance from the center of the Earth becomes R + 2h, and the force becomes weaker by a factor of four.
Correct Answer: C — It becomes four times weaker
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Q. What happens to the gravitational potential as you move away from a mass?
A.
It increases
B.
It decreases
C.
It remains constant
D.
It oscillates
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Solution
The gravitational potential decreases as you move away from a mass.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases
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Q. What happens to the gravitational potential as you move away from a massive body?
A.
It increases
B.
It decreases
C.
It remains constant
D.
It oscillates
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Solution
The gravitational potential decreases as you move away from a massive body.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases
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Q. What happens to the gravitational potential energy of a satellite as it moves further away from the Earth?
A.
It increases
B.
It decreases
C.
It remains constant
D.
It becomes zero
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Solution
As a satellite moves further away from the Earth, its gravitational potential energy increases because it is moving to a higher potential.
Correct Answer: A — It increases
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Q. What happens to the gravitational potential energy of a satellite as it moves to a higher orbit?
A.
It increases
B.
It decreases
C.
It remains constant
D.
It becomes zero
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Solution
As a satellite moves to a higher orbit, its gravitational potential energy increases due to the increase in distance from the Earth.
Correct Answer: A — It increases
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Q. What happens to the gravitational potential energy of an object as it moves away from the Earth?
A.
It increases.
B.
It decreases.
C.
It remains constant.
D.
It becomes zero.
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Solution
As an object moves away from the Earth, its gravitational potential energy increases.
Correct Answer: A — It increases.
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Q. What happens to the gravitational potential energy of an object as it moves away from a planet?
A.
It increases.
B.
It decreases.
C.
It remains constant.
D.
It becomes zero.
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Solution
As an object moves away from a planet, its gravitational potential energy increases (becomes less negative).
Correct Answer: A — It increases.
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Q. What happens to the weight of an object when it is taken to a height equal to the radius of the Earth?
A.
It becomes zero
B.
It is halved
C.
It is doubled
D.
It remains the same
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Solution
At a height equal to the radius of the Earth, the weight is halved due to the inverse square law of gravitation.
Correct Answer: B — It is halved
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Q. What is the acceleration due to gravity at a height equal to the radius of the Earth?
A.
g/2
B.
g/3
C.
g/4
D.
g/5
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Solution
At height equal to radius, g' = g / (1 + h/R)² = g / (2)² = g/4.
Correct Answer: C — g/4
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Q. What is the effect of atmospheric drag on satellites in low Earth orbit?
A.
It increases their speed.
B.
It decreases their speed.
C.
It has no effect.
D.
It causes them to gain altitude.
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Solution
Atmospheric drag decreases the speed of satellites in low Earth orbit, leading to a gradual decrease in altitude.
Correct Answer: B — It decreases their speed.
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