Major Competitive Exams
Q. In a double-slit experiment, if the wavelength of light is 600 nm and the distance between the slits is 0.5 mm, what is the fringe width if the screen is 1 m away?
A.
0.12 mm
B.
0.3 mm
C.
0.6 mm
D.
0.5 mm
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Solution
Fringe width β = λD/d = (600 x 10^-9 m)(1 m)/(0.5 x 10^-3 m) = 0.12 mm.
Correct Answer: A — 0.12 mm
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Q. In a double-slit experiment, if the wavelength of light is increased, what happens to the distance between the fringes?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Becomes zero
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Solution
The distance between the fringes increases with an increase in wavelength, as fringe separation is directly proportional to wavelength.
Correct Answer: A — Increases
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Q. In a double-slit experiment, what happens to the interference pattern if the distance between the slits is increased?
A.
Pattern becomes wider
B.
Pattern becomes narrower
C.
No change
D.
Pattern disappears
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Solution
Increasing the distance between the slits decreases the fringe width, making the pattern narrower.
Correct Answer: B — Pattern becomes narrower
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Q. In a double-slit experiment, what is the effect of increasing the distance between the slits on the fringe width?
A.
Fringe width increases
B.
Fringe width decreases
C.
Fringe width remains constant
D.
Fringe width becomes zero
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Solution
Increasing the distance between the slits increases the fringe width because the angle of diffraction increases.
Correct Answer: A — Fringe width increases
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Q. In a dynamic equilibrium, which of the following statements is true?
A.
The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
B.
The concentrations of reactants and products are equal
C.
The reaction has stopped
D.
The system is at rest
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Solution
In a dynamic equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, but the concentrations of reactants and products may not be equal.
Correct Answer: A — The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
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Q. In a family of 4 children, what is the probability that at least one is a girl given that there are at least 2 boys?
A.
1/2
B.
3/4
C.
1/4
D.
2/3
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Solution
If there are at least 2 boys, the possible combinations are (2B, 2G), (3B, 1G), (4B). Thus, the probability of having at least one girl is 3/4.
Correct Answer: B — 3/4
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Q. In a family with 3 children, what is the probability that at least one child is a girl given that at least one child is a boy?
A.
0.75
B.
0.5
C.
0.25
D.
0.6
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Solution
The total outcomes for 3 children are 8. The outcomes with at least one boy are 7. The outcomes with at least one girl and one boy are 6. Thus, P(Girl|Boy) = 6/7 ≈ 0.857.
Correct Answer: A — 0.75
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Q. In a first-order reaction, if the concentration of reactant decreases from 0.8 M to 0.2 M in 20 minutes, what is the rate constant? (2022)
A.
0.0347 min⁻¹
B.
0.0693 min⁻¹
C.
0.1 min⁻¹
D.
0.2 min⁻¹
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Solution
Using the first-order rate equation, k = (ln[A₀] - ln[A]) / t. Here, k = (ln(0.8) - ln(0.2)) / 20 = 0.0347 min⁻¹.
Correct Answer: A — 0.0347 min⁻¹
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Q. In a first-order reaction, if the concentration of the reactant is halved, what happens to the half-life?
A.
It doubles
B.
It remains the same
C.
It is halved
D.
It becomes zero
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Solution
In a first-order reaction, the half-life is independent of the concentration of the reactant, so it remains the same.
Correct Answer: B — It remains the same
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Q. In a first-order reaction, if the rate constant k is 0.03 min⁻¹, what is the time required for the concentration to decrease to half? (2020)
A.
23.1 min
B.
10.0 min
C.
20.0 min
D.
15.0 min
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Solution
t₁/₂ = 0.693 / k = 0.693 / 0.03 = 23.1 min.
Correct Answer: A — 23.1 min
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Q. In a fluid at rest, the pressure at a depth h is given by which equation?
A.
P = ρgh
B.
P = ρg/h
C.
P = ρg + h
D.
P = gh/ρ
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Solution
The pressure at a depth h in a fluid is given by P = ρgh, where ρ is the fluid density and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Correct Answer: A — P = ρgh
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Q. In a fluid flowing through a pipe, what effect does increasing the temperature have on its viscosity?
A.
Increases viscosity
B.
Decreases viscosity
C.
No effect
D.
Depends on the fluid
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Solution
Increasing the temperature generally decreases the viscosity of a fluid, making it flow more easily.
Correct Answer: B — Decreases viscosity
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Q. In a fluid flowing through a pipe, which factor does NOT affect the viscosity?
A.
Temperature
B.
Pressure
C.
Fluid density
D.
Fluid composition
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Solution
While temperature, pressure, and fluid composition affect viscosity, fluid density does not directly affect viscosity.
Correct Answer: C — Fluid density
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Q. In a forced oscillation system, if the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency, what phenomenon occurs?
A.
Damping
B.
Resonance
C.
Phase shift
D.
Destructive interference
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Solution
When the driving frequency equals the natural frequency, resonance occurs, leading to maximum amplitude.
Correct Answer: B — Resonance
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Q. In a forced oscillation system, the driving frequency is 5 Hz and the natural frequency is 4 Hz. What is the ratio of the driving frequency to the natural frequency?
A.
0.8
B.
1
C.
1.25
D.
1.5
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Solution
Ratio = driving frequency / natural frequency = 5 Hz / 4 Hz = 1.25.
Correct Answer: C — 1.25
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Q. In a forced oscillation system, what is the effect of increasing the amplitude of the driving force?
A.
Decreases the amplitude of oscillation
B.
Increases the amplitude of oscillation
C.
Has no effect on amplitude
D.
Causes the system to stop oscillating
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Solution
Increasing the amplitude of the driving force generally increases the amplitude of the oscillation in a forced system.
Correct Answer: B — Increases the amplitude of oscillation
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Q. In a forced oscillation, if the amplitude is doubled while keeping the driving frequency constant, what happens to the energy of the system?
A.
Increases by 2 times
B.
Increases by 4 times
C.
Remains the same
D.
Decreases
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Solution
Energy is proportional to the square of the amplitude, so if amplitude is doubled, energy increases by 2^2 = 4 times.
Correct Answer: B — Increases by 4 times
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Q. In a forced oscillation, if the amplitude is maximum, what can be said about the relationship between the driving frequency and the natural frequency?
A.
Driving frequency is less
B.
Driving frequency is equal
C.
Driving frequency is greater
D.
Driving frequency is unpredictable
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Solution
Maximum amplitude occurs when the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency.
Correct Answer: B — Driving frequency is equal
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Q. In a forced oscillation, if the amplitude of the oscillation is directly proportional to the driving force, what is the relationship called?
A.
Hooke's Law
B.
Newton's Law
C.
Resonance
D.
Steady state
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Solution
In forced oscillations, the amplitude is directly proportional to the driving force in the steady state.
Correct Answer: D — Steady state
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Q. In a forced oscillation, the driving frequency is 2 Hz and the natural frequency of the system is 1.5 Hz. What is the ratio of the driving frequency to the natural frequency?
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Solution
Ratio = driving frequency / natural frequency = 2 / 1.5 = 1.33
Correct Answer: C — 1.33
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Q. In a forced oscillation, what happens when the driving frequency matches the natural frequency of the system?
A.
The system oscillates with minimum amplitude
B.
The system oscillates with maximum amplitude
C.
The system stops oscillating
D.
The system oscillates at a different frequency
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Solution
When the driving frequency matches the natural frequency, resonance occurs, leading to maximum amplitude.
Correct Answer: B — The system oscillates with maximum amplitude
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Q. In a forced oscillation, what happens when the driving frequency matches the natural frequency?
A.
The system oscillates with minimum amplitude
B.
The system oscillates with maximum amplitude
C.
The system stops oscillating
D.
The system oscillates at a different frequency
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Solution
When the driving frequency matches the natural frequency, resonance occurs, leading to maximum amplitude.
Correct Answer: B — The system oscillates with maximum amplitude
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Q. In a forced oscillation, what is the effect of increasing the amplitude of the driving force?
A.
Decreases the amplitude of oscillation
B.
Increases the amplitude of oscillation
C.
Has no effect on amplitude
D.
Causes the system to stop oscillating
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Solution
Increasing the amplitude of the driving force generally increases the amplitude of the forced oscillation.
Correct Answer: B — Increases the amplitude of oscillation
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Q. In a forced oscillation, what is the effect of resonance?
A.
Amplitude decreases
B.
Amplitude increases significantly
C.
Frequency decreases
D.
Phase difference becomes zero
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Solution
At resonance, the driving frequency matches the natural frequency of the system, leading to a significant increase in amplitude.
Correct Answer: B — Amplitude increases significantly
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Q. In a forced oscillation, what is the term for the maximum amplitude achieved at resonance?
A.
Resonance peak
B.
Damping peak
C.
Natural frequency
D.
Driving frequency
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Solution
The maximum amplitude achieved at resonance is referred to as the resonance peak.
Correct Answer: A — Resonance peak
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Q. In a frequency distribution, if the class intervals are 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and their frequencies are 5, 10, 15 respectively, what is the mode?
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Solution
The modal class is 20-30 as it has the highest frequency (15).
Correct Answer: C — 20
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Q. In a frequency distribution, if the class intervals are 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and their frequencies are 5, 10, 15, what is the mode?
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Solution
Mode is the class with the highest frequency, which is 20-30.
Correct Answer: B — 20
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Q. In a frequency distribution, if the class intervals are 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, and the frequencies are 5, 10, 15 respectively, what is the mode?
A.
10
B.
20
C.
30
D.
None of the above
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Solution
The modal class is 20-30 since it has the highest frequency.
Correct Answer: B — 20
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Q. In a frequency distribution, if the class intervals are 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 with frequencies 5, 10, and 15 respectively, what is the mode?
A.
10
B.
20
C.
30
D.
No mode
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Solution
The modal class is 20-30 since it has the highest frequency (15).
Correct Answer: B — 20
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Q. In a frequency distribution, if the mode is 10 and appears 15 times, what can be said about the data?
A.
It is uniform
B.
It is bimodal
C.
It is unimodal
D.
It is multimodal
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Solution
Since there is one mode (10), the data is unimodal.
Correct Answer: C — It is unimodal
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